International Economics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

International Economics - Research Paper ExampleCapital dominion ensures that blasphemes internalize losses. This serve ups guard deposit insurance fund cut down chances of losses by the deposit insurer. The recent economic crisis, which was associate with credit crunch started with the melt down of subprime mortgage, which is directly dependent on how banks atomic number 18 regulated. In the United stirs, the move by Clinton and Republican carnal knowledge to deregulate the banking sector is liable for igniting the 2008 crisis. This newsprint focuses on the pros and cons of bank convention and how it relates with global economics. The paper will also address the pros and cons of de polity in the banking sector as salutary as how it relates with global economics. Additionally, the paper will analyze the effects of bank regulation and deregulation on and the financial crisis of 2008. Pros and Cons of Regulation in the Banking Sector The regulation process in US is such tha t a bank is supposed to take immediate moves to reinstate its great proportionality in case Losses occur. In case of losses, banks restore their capital by raising new-fashioned capital or shrinking their asset base. The regulators force the banks to take either of the steps, which prevents instances of failure (Roubini 1-3 Delaney Web). Since United States resulted from partnership of states, there exist dual regulatory systems where banks are regulated by both the state as well as the federal government (Barthy, Liy and Lu 1-5). The 2008 economic crisis triggered numerous changes in bank regulation within United States. The bank regulators increased their inspection on banks particularly on capital and reserves. Additionally, the congress is expected to implement reforms aimed at increasing regulation and make changes on the regulatory systems (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 1-4). Bank regulation entails chartering and authorizing banks to start business and examination of the activities of the banks through frequent auditing. The banks regulators in United States include Comptroller of the currency, State Banking Authority, Federal reservation, and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 6-7 Roubini 6-8). Pros of Bank Regulation Like mentioned above, banks regulate their capital by asset shrinkage or raising fresh capital. Each of these moves has its pros and cons. In case of asset shrinkage, the effect could be either credit crunch or fire sale. Shrinking of assets through reducing lending, the interest rate increases, which make it hard for firms to borrow money for investments. This results in eventual decrease in employment, which is detriment to the economy (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 10). Bank regulation helps in protection customers and the taxpayer. The government agencies concerned with regulation of banks supervise the operations of financial institutions preventing them from abusing taxpayers. They ensure that taxpayers are not denied access to deposit insurance as well as loans (Roubini 7). The Federal Reserve ensures that the central bank provides loans to banks. In case of financial crisis, the Federal Reserve inflates the safety net or increases the ease with which banks can access loans from the central bank. Therefore, safety net help to safeguard banks from bank runs reduces systemic risk in addition to reducing the cost of evaluating the health of financial institutions (Pellerin, Walter and Wescott 11-13). Another importance of bank regulation is to ensure safety and soundness regulation. The regulation agencies ensure

An understanding of product is essential for effective marketing Essay

An discernment of yield is essential for effective selling. Discuss - Essay ExampleThe welfare of customers and other stakeholders must be considered as the primary objective of a business. In this respect, marketing activities includes all these important factors that enhances the value of an presidency and ultimately leads to wealth creation of its stakeholders. Marketing is broad concept and a crucial primary occupation of a value chain. According to Robert Skrob, using sound marketing principle, strategies, and techniques will allow you to build a large list, form great relationships with your clients, and provide them with outstanding products and services - things they want, get value from, and that you are purple of (Skrob, 2008, p.63). Therefore, for establishing and achieving long term success, a business organisation must formulate an effective marketing strategy. The increase competition in the business world is one of the vital reasons that have increased the signif icance of marketing strategy. A successful marketing strategy enables an organisation to achieve competitive advantage. It enables a company to shape up an upper hand position in the market.Product or service is the core factor that serves the consumers pack and utility. It is the prime factor for running a business. This paper will attempt to deal with the understanding of product for effective marketing. In this respect, the paper will discuss various aspects of product that affect product strategies. unhomogeneous theories and models will be presented to support the primary objective of this essay. Finally in the conclusion section, overall discussions and summary will be summed up.In the process of strategic management, a marketer must consider quadruple primary component of marketing. These marketing components are product, price, promotion and place. The four components of marketing are known as marketing mix or four Ps of marketing. Marketing mix can be defined as the ba sis of marketing strategy and it establishes

Current Remote Sensing Techniques Research Paper

Current contrasted Sensing Techniques - Research Paper Example at that place are two major forms of remote espial. They are static remote sensing. Active remote sensing. nonoperational remote sensing involves detection of natural radiation that is reflected or emitted by the surrounding areas or the object. Passive remote sensors examples are radiometers and film photography. Active remote sensing on the other hand, involves a edge of emitting energy that is to be social function in scanning objects where a sensor detects and takes the measure of the radiation reflected from the marking the examples of this active sensor collection are LiDAR and RADAR. Geography refers to the science that learns more near land, features, inhabitants and generally the phenomena of the globe. Remote sensing in geography therefore, refers to the process of gathering learning about a place including the features in it, without necessarily visiting the place in person. This collection technique i s done from a distance. In this equipment that is used for gathering information are mainly the cameras which can be based on aircrafts, satellites or on the ground. In the modern nightspot, information obtained is stored up and manipulated in computers. Computers work with soft strugglee therefore, the software used in remote sensing is ESRI, ERMapper, MapInfo and ERDAS Imagine. Remote sensing is a procedure which must follow certain steps. The steps involved in this process are A supply of electromagnetic rays. Conduction of energy from the resource to the earths bulge through the atmosphere Contact of EMR with the surface of the earth. Conduction of indicator from surface to Remote Sensor build up on a display place, through the atmosphere. Detection of power by the sensor. Conduction of sensor information to ground location Processing and scrutiny of the sensor information Final information output for a range of applications Remote sensing in geography started behavior bac k in the year 1858 where photographs were taken aerially from a hot air balloon. This was initiated by Tournachon Gaspard-Felix where he took photographs of Paris. Since then, remote sensing has highly-developed and an example where it was performed after the initiation was in the United States of America. It was undertaken during the civil war where kites, unmanned balloons and messenger pigeons containing cameras were flown over areas where the enemies dwelled. This essay will specifically discuss about remote sensing in geography. This means that information contained therein will be on processes used to gather information on phenomenon and various features of the earth. In the modern society, remote sensing has become part of daily activities as it is highly used to gather information on geographical trends. Most of the organizations in the contemporary society take the initiative to learn more about geographical trends and get to know more about the environment generally. For t hese organizations to make effective research and gather enough information on phenomena, they have to use lots of cash on this field. This is one among many fields that is considered to be important in up-to-date years. The reasons as to why this field is considered important include 1. Many individuals especially, students, researchers and other common citizens have developed interest in learning more about the environment. In this case, talking about the environ

The case for contamination by Anthony Appiah Essay

The case for befoulment by Anthony Appiah - Essay ExampleIn such a alliance, it becomes difficult to control the trending social values that state share in such platforms. Appiah thus retains a resistless viewpoint as he strives to maintain objectivity in the article. He discusses the importance of religion in the changing society as the discussion below portrays.Just as the title of the article depicts, Anthony Appiah discusses the contamination of the world. In his context, contamination of the world refers to the slow but sure infiltration of foreign cultures as people continually integrate on a global platform. The advancement of the society coupled with the development of sassy technologies have created a global village, such is a society in which people trade cultural values easily. According to Appiah, the seclusion of the traditional society sought to preserve the cultures and values of the societies that could not right away interact with others (Flood 21). With the intensified interactions in the modern-day society, it becomes difficult to monitor the actions of people as most societies hold to adopt the independent structures thus borrowing global cultural trends. As such, cultures continue to infiltrate the society Appiah observes that such changes are contaminations of the inherent cultural values.While religion is a fundamental aspect of a society and a cultural feature, the changes in the current structures of societies continue to apportion a reserved suffice for religions. Unlike in some of the traditional societies in which the Church for example was an important organ of governance, modern societies have secular governments. This exhibits the inherent change in the structures of the societies and the cultural values of the people in contemporary societies. The modern structure of societies position religion as important in setting values and influencing the conduct of people in the

Module 3 Case Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 3 Case Assignment - Coursework ExampleNot only can a manager use linear programming to identify the best mix of products to meet demand patch effectively using available resources, or develop a production schedule and inventory constitution that meet sales and demand needs. He can also use it to settle for the best dispersion plan for shipping products from store to customer.Using linear programming to make quarterly product order of magnitude decisions is referred to as production scheduling. This involves determining how much of each products produced by an organization in order to increase meshing for a given quarter taking into considerations the major coynesss which limit feasible decisions (Barlow, & Ebooks Corporation, 2010).Consider Wamboga curb a company specialized in manufacturing mobile phones. It manufactures 2 types of mobile phones namely WambogaX30 and WambogaX15.Wamboga limited makes quarterly decision about their product mix. The chief constraints a re-3. from each one mobile phone requires a memory bunk WambogaX30 requires 2 chips of 16 GB while WambogaX15 requires a chip of 16 GB. There are 15000 chips available. Each WambogaX30 generates a profit KSH1OOO While each WambogaX15 generates a profit of KSH750.The problem is modeled first. This is done by the use of linear programming. Objectives, decision variables, and constraints are used .The decision variables are a representation of an unnamed decision to be made. Each and every linear program has an objective that is either maximize profits or minimize production costs. The object has to be linear in the decision variables, that is, it should be the constraints sum times the decision variables.Models are significant since they enable formal description and explanation of problems hence allowing simplicity in discovering solutions for optimal decision ideals using a computer. Solutions to models which have only two variables can be found without a computer .This is achie ved by drawing the

Module 2, Financial and Strategic Planning (CASE) Essay

Module 2, Financial and Strategic Planning (CASE) - Essay ExampleThe trade strategy was appealing in the year 2010, hence attracting $1,500 million in terms of revenue. In the year 2011, the trade strategy was not as effective, hence leading to a lower performance insurance coverage total revenues of $1,250 million. A strategic plan would be for the infirmary to adopt a new marketing strategy (Bryce, 2000). The new strategy would boost the hospitals preference among the sick, increase the amount of grants offered, and increase third-party investments.Secondly, Franklin Healthcare had a structural variety and dismissed some staff. The change had a positive effect in efforts to condense the operating expenses from $500 thousand in 2010 to $300 thousand in 2011, but had some satisfying effect on the revenue. There was a causal and effect relationship between reducing the deed of employees and the amount of patient revenue reported. The low number of staff led to a reduction in t he average patient population to achieve a balance between the demand and supply of wellnesscare. The hospital should increase the number of staff to maximize the supply of healthcare. All employees should report to a senior health worker to improve the level of accountability (Charupat, & Huang, 2012). The hospital should also invest in new equipment and know all the employees trained on how to operate them.A single marketing strategy and the structural change had a significant effect on the hospitals net income. The hospital reported a $249,800,000 reduction in net income from $1,499,475,000 in 2010 to $1,249,675,000 in 2011. The hospital should have a forecast of what to await in the next financial year. It should prepare a budget income statement that would serve as a policy variable and govern the control variables and external variables (Greenwood, 2002). The forecasting process should be automated to put forward ease of access and accept frequent reviews.An analysis of the income statement

Greenpeace Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Greenpeace - Research Paper ExampleIt seeks to expose global environmental problems and their ca dos. Greenpeace conducts research and studies regarding environment issues and convey it to public and carry out protest to arouse environmental peace. Greenpeace in addition boycotts companies which pollute environment and cause damage to it.Greenpeace believes we need a thorough and radical overhaul of bear witness international and national agricultural policies. You can help urging your Representatives to pass laws that protect our health and overhaul genetic engineeringThe key issue of Greenpeace is the protection of environment and preservation of wild life in order to maintain the balance of ecosystem. In the website (Lovelady) mentions that, Green star sign has a presence within 40 countries crosswise Europe, the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. Greenpeace focuses on the most critical global threats to biodiversity and environment. Green peace also has focus conspicuously on gl obal warming, fossil depletion and deforestation. It has influenced the industries worldwide to take action against the carbon emission which leads to green house effect. In order to act against green house emission Greenpeace have been continuously advocating the use of environmental friendly energy sources.Another key interest of Green peace is the campaign against the test of nuclear weapons. It insists on U.S, Britain and Soviet Union to sign a nuclear ban treaty to promote global peace. As per (Vedder,85) Green peace is committed to the principles of non violence, political independence and internationalism. Greenpeace is operative towards the endpoint of environmental degradation with help of voluntary donation from individual supporters. Greenpeace does not accept any financial assistance from government nor does it accepts donations which compromise on its integrity, objective or independence. Greenpeace is extremely transparent in its working system and provides inform ation to the

What challenges for the television does the internet pose How do these Essay

What challenges for the television does the internet pose How do these challenges impact the information society Discuss the strengths and weaknesses - Essay ExampleIt is surprising that for each one of the to a higher place is windlessness relevant and have their own following and preferences by people. The level of public interest in each of these has been constantly changing. In fact The average person spends more time listening to the radio than observation TV, according to the latest figures. (Radio More Popular Than TV. 2001). There is no real evidence that any of the above will become redundant in the near future even though the internet has fully grown in capability to such an extent that it can include all the new(prenominal) three into its fold. This penning is an attempt to study the threat of the internet on TV. In the process the paper will punctuate to provide answers to the following questionsSince both the above are closely related to the society, it will be c anvas with reference to one of the prominent social theories that have been introduced during the same timeline mentioned earlier. The theory that will be apply in this instance is MarxismKarl Marx was unarguably one of the most influential thinkers of the modern history. (World Marx The Millenniums greater Thinker. 1999). Arguments may arise as to the positive or negative impact the theory propounded by the man, but no one can deny that it had an influence on social, political and economic aspects in the society. Revolutions took place in many part of the world, governments and monarchy were toppled and countries went to war over the issue. The Russian monarchy of the tsars disappeared because of the revolution. For Russia just as for the other European countries, Marxism expected and urged the great Russian bourgeois revolution which would follow the path of the English and cut revolutions, just as the one in 1848 which inflamed and shook all of Central Europe. (Marxism and Russ ia Russia Against Europe in the 19th Century. 1997, p.9-24). The United States fought alongside

Value that Merck Places on Employee and Diversity Essay

Value that Merck Places on Employee and Diversity - Essay ExampleBesides, Merck & Co. has created a culture that appreciates embodied power and differences that come from having a diverse hands. It offers more opportunities for employees to grow both personally and professionally at the workplace and in the community at large. Finally, it has taken a global approach to diversify the beau monde by creating three major resources Global Diversity and Inclusion Centre, Employee Business Resource Groups and Employee Resource Groups.In 2003, the workforce demographics were low as compared to the current situation. The various areas of profession included officials, sales marketers, technicians, clerical, craft workers, operators, laborers, swear out workers among others. The minorities relatively occupy a significant percentage in the managerial positions compared to other groups. For instance, their demographic piece of music in the administrative post was 18 percent compared to 36.5 percent of the women. Men had the extravagantlyer workforce. The total workforce percentage among minority groups was 21.2 percent, and the females were 50.3 percent. However, there was diversity in the workforce (Merck & Co., 2014).Considering the U.S demographics, America is less diverse. There is the steep level of discrimination in the workforce and the minority groups are often harassed. The number of aged employees is high due to the low birth rate. Craft workers are mainly minority groups compared to the whites who occupy the managerial positions.

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Literature review - Essay ExampleOn the contrary, marketing is perchance the only functional division of an enterprise which is solely concerned with the consumer. It is regarded by many critics that marketing is the nearly crucial of all the functional aspects of the business it lavatory be argued that marketing is the prime means for attracting a customer, and without customers, there is little that the other departments ar going to do. Marketing is important in helping the conjunction to construct upon their corporate and business foundations, and to use them to solidify their goals. In order to further the objectives of the business, the business unavoidably to consider the bigger picture. From the perspective of launching a product in the market, the bigger picture would think exploring the market potential for the product, researching the competitors in the market giving particular attention to their strengths and weaknesses, coming up with an permit marketing strategy for the product and selecting suitable marketing channels. Moreover it is similarly important to develop liable(p) measures for managing and supervising the launch of the product in the market. ... Functioning businesses have two main purposes. Firstly, they are functional for the retention of the customers that they have attracted. Secondly, businesses are endeavoring for attracting new customers and increasing their clientele. There are a number of philosophies that can be implemented for the attainment of these two goals of the business. The first philosophy relates to the production concept. This means that all consumers are going to consume those products that are non only within the range of affordability but are also easily and extensively found. One of the famous corporations who follow this strategy is Wal-Mart. According to the founder of Wal-Mart, Sam Walton, the participation should work on the philosophy of Pile em high and sell em cheap (Moore & Pareek 2009). On t he other hand, the product concept entails that customers are going to buy that product which is the most promising in terms of its value after taking into account the worth and practiseance of the product. Consumers are going to perform an evaluation of the product according to its various features, such as how durable it is or its serviceability at times customers take into account a juxtaposition of the factors and their choice of different products depends on whether the products meet these lay product-based aspects. When referring to brands, customers also take into consideration whether the product is going to fulfill their psychological need or not. tail fin Forces Model Enterprises which operate on the selling concept support the notion that a large-scale private road is needed to promote a product in the absence of a large-scale concept, customers are not going to consume enough products in order to

Business Financing and the Capital SStructure Assignment

Business Financing and the Capital SStructure - Assignment ExampleThis fact ensures that at that place is no dilution of the gilds ownership. Second, the phoner is authorise to pay the amount they borrowed plus a mold interest. This implies that the company can budget efficiently on how to repay its debt. It does not have to share the rising profits of the company in any case the company becomes successful. The interest paid on the debt that the company takes are taxation allowable expenses. This implies that the interests can lower the amount of tax a company pays resulting to it weighty the overall cost of capital. The process of raising debt pay is simple and easy since the company is not entitled to comply with any securities regulations and laws. Lastly, in debt finance the company does not have to hold periodic meetings to let off their various actions to the debt holders.Despite the many advantages that debt finance has, it also has some disadvantages. First, unlike e quity, there must be payment of the debt at some point in time creating obligations to the company. Debt financing also come on with fixed costs which at times can be high. High interest costs increases the risk of insolvency of a company especially on difficult financial periods. Lastly, debt financing require companies to pledge their assets as collateral. lawfulness financing generates large amounts of money which do not require repayment. What the company has to do is to that share a portion of their profits to the new investors who become part of the company. The company can exercise this non-refundable money to expand their operations or diversify its business to generate future cash flows. Equity finance also helps the company to maintain a low leverage which would increase its chances of getting debt finance in the future. The major disadvantage of equity financing is that the company has to loose part of the ownership of the company to the new investors and they will ha ve to take part

GLOBAL BUSINESS CONTEXT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

GLOBAL BUSINESS CONTEXT - Essay Example airline business labor remains a most important figure at global level as it is providing antithetic servings at the same time. We found its first origination in 1909, and since then the organize of this industry changes over time showing a regular boosting and improvement. The structure of airline empyrean compromises of passenger services and freight services. On the other hand, its services are categorized as intra-continental, inter-continental, domestic services, operated or scheduled services and charter services1. The airline industry includes different sectors that together give rise to a complete Airline Sector. These sectors are Airbus, Jumbo Jets, Boeings and other small jets. The airlines deal with different services and among them passenger services and freight are the most common and most important services.Though, it was 1909 when the first airline foxiness was introduced by the Germany but this wasnt the most important f igure. The actual industry starts when the airbus discovery took place. But before that, in 1914 the very first moneymaking(prenominal) flight in the US starts but this remain the only service till 1925 when the ford introduces their commercial flight holding 12-passengers capacity. At the same time the US firm to operate at global level and by 1930, the introduction of Boeing was made2. But till this time, the airline sector did not show any good performance and enhancement. Actual chronicle belongs to the year 1970 when European kitty (Germany, France, Great Britain and Spain become the member later after few years) started an airbus Industry. The objectives of the goals behind this industry were to create commercial aircraft with Germany, Great Britain and Spain. Where as, within the consortium France play the percentage of assembling. The logic behind this was to give a harvest-home to international travelling. As, the need and demand for the international travelling increas es in that era, the airbus industry play an important role in Airline sector3. The industry employee more than 57,000 people and are working in sixteen regions. The Airbus Industry has its subsidiaries in United States, China and Japan due to the reason that these countries are ranked top in the most advance technological exploitation. The Airbus was named by the airline industry due to its specific size and range. Airbus includes different types of Jets and planes namely as Aerospatiale, Deutsche airbus, Hawker Siddeley and Fokker. Within the airbus industry, Aerospatiale and Deutsche took 36.5% of share according to production Hawker took 20% and Fokker as 7%. During the year 1971 in October the Spanish company CASA acquired 4.2% of the share of Airbus Industry. Than later in the years different changes took place including the British acquisition of British Aerospace and acquired 20% of the share. This impacted on the share of shareholders which reduces to 37.9%. Initially the g rowth of consortium was poor by 1979 much of the improvements take place and among them was the services of 81 aircrafts or airbuses. It was 1981, when the set in motion of A320

The ethics of selling guns Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The ethics of selling atom smashers - Essay Examplert into a particular country Even though it is non constitutional, mostly assault weapons, are banned for manufacture and import into the country, and all guns are bar for convicted criminals. Nonetheless, it is lawful to sell the move required to assemble these weapons. Besides, there is no system put in place to track or register gun parts (except the receiver), and so several gun parts can be sold to criminals who can then assemble the guns for their criminal use. The question then arises, is it the honest responsibility of gun manufacturers, dealers, and companies to close up gaps and offer tight regulations who they sell gun parts to and what graphic symbol of parts they sell without infringing constitutional right and a basic freedom given to all citizens? though it may not be constitutional to bar the production and importation of assault weapons, it is not honorable for gun manufacturers and companies to evade the law a nd undermine the government by do assault weapons easily accessible, and making any gun available to a convicted criminal.The common argument that Guns dont kill, people do does not apply to the utilitarian test. The correct principle is how much (dis)utility arises from selling the guns, irrespective of who shoots them. A gun manufacturer has to consider the negative utility created by those who use its guns.Nonetheless, the equally general argument that If I dont do it, someone else will applies for the utilitarian test. If other producers would pick up the tour of duty as a result of ones decision not to sell assault weapons, jumper lead to the similar total sales, then there is no obvious utilitarian argument for selling or against selling the firearms. On the contrary, the positive utility can be created (recreation, hunting, and self-defense) by selling guns that are not dangerous has less negative expected utility.As far as categorical imperative is concerned, freewoman ar gues that any ethical decision must be assessed

Health of the Aging (CASE) Module 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health of the Aging (CASE) Module 1 - Coursework ExampleThese reforms create cost-sharing and insurance premium subsidies, create new markets for purchasing of health insurance, and develop new rules that would govern health insurance and the knotted industry (Rosenbaum, 2011). The second element that has an impact on the elderly involves ensuring accessibility of the populations that are medically underserved to primal health electric charge. Due to the elevated health risks involved with the elderly, they remain underserved in the society, thus prompting for the consume of doment of a system that will provide utmost awe for them. The provision of long-term care has a direct impact on the elderly as most of the elderly individuals suffer from continuing illnesses such as diabetes among others, which require lifetime management (Rosenbaum, 2011).The intent of the Health insurance coverage reforms is to establish standards that guide insurers to mitigate the discrimination tha t initially existed against ripened people and other highly vulnerable groups including women and children (Rosenbaum, 2011). As such, this element bans the annual coverage limitations, use of conditions already in existence and prolonged waiting periods. On the other hand, the intent of improving the accessibility to primary health care is to mitigate the shortage in health care professionals, who provide primary health care. This can be achieved through investing in the development of the community health centers and the establishment of the National Health Service Corps. Lastly, the intent of the long-term care initiative is to protect the families of individuals who are terminally ill from becoming bankrupt through the establishment of Medicaid options that quicken community-based care (Rosenbaum, 2011).The Patient Protection and Affordable Act is likely to lead to low access to Medicare for the older adults in the long term given that it mandates Medicare payment reductions. As such, funding cuts on the involved serve have a direct

Building and Managing Capability for Marketing Innovation Essay

Building and Managing Capability for Marketing Innovation - quiz ExampleThis enquiry will begin with the statement that line of work toughie excogitation is becoming increasingly important in a world where competitors can easily imitate strategies. Business model innovation represents a in high spiritser order of innovation comp atomic number 18d to harvest-time or process innovation. some(prenominal) standard argument functions have been undergoing foot transformations. Manufacturing no longer involves the mass reapingion of standardized large lots, but the magnetic inclination production of customized units of one. Not surprisingly, new voices have been calling for the reinvention of marketing. Todays marketers face new challenges. Consumers be time poor and information-rich they expect better quality, better services, lower prices and more set for their effort and money. new-sprung(prenominal) channels are proliferating, traditional distribution channels are consolid ating, and competitors now come from all over the world, increasingly, with lower costs and sometimes of high quality. By tapping multiple sources of competitive advantage, a new logical argument model can help a company leapfrog competition. Companies need to keep examining their business model and their relevance for customers in an era of cutthroat competition. An innovation represents a significant improvement over what exists. A successful innovation generates a product or service that is valued highly by customers. As Peter Drucker puts it, innovation is the process of finding a new with a new capacity to stimulate wealth. Innovation may improve the yield of existing resources or may provide more value or satisfaction to customers. Innovation may endow resources with a new capacity to create wealth. A radical process innovation may be much more disruptive than a boor or moderate product innovation. But, in general, it may be reasonable to say that a radical product innova tion is more challenging than a radical process innovation. This is because process innovations are typically internally focused and many of the variables are under the organizations control. On the separate hand, product innovations are outwardly focused and markets never cease to surprise. 2.2. Current market challenges Markets always change faster than marketing. Peter Drucker, (1954) wrote that the business enterprises have two and only two basic functions Marketing and Innovation. Marketing and innovation produces results all the consist are costs. Today, companies unabashedly declare their wish to get closer to customers marketing is actually loosing power to other functions in the corporation. New products are failing at a disturbing rate. Recent studies put the tribulation rate of new European consumer products at 80% (Nielsen, 1999). Consumer behaviors vary across time and space as well as by contingencies and changing images. In a world filled with choices, there are no sustaining themes or consumption patterns. Some of the reasons for new product failure are a high level executive pushes a favorite idea in spite of negative market research findings the idea is good but the market size is overestimated the product is not well designed the product is incorrectly positioned, ineffectively advertised or overpriced the product is not well designed the product is incorrectly positioned, in effectively advertised or overpriced development costs are higher than expected or competitors fight back harder than expected. Poor performance by Western nation firms in the area of new product development reflects excessive emphasis on profit maximization and take chances avoidance. 2.3. Role of innovation in marketing Marketing styles and innovations have an important role in achieving trade wind objectives. Marketing style may also influence the nature of a firms approach to innovation. Only after an organization accepts that innovation should be driven by the need to meet customer aspirations rather than pecuniary communitys demand for profitability, does it become possible to evolve a more effective innovation management philosophy. Many companies are beginning to

The Oak and the Elm Tree Essay Example for Free

The oak tree and the Elm Tree EssayNarrowing this vast amount of species down to the some widespread of the broadleaved trees would be the mighty oak and will be compargond with the American elm for their spectator. In nature, the oaks hold their own head in competition with the other trees. The oak is a large tree growing to heights of thirty-five to one hundred feet tall. Their leaves ar of the most dramatic in shape, which be described as cosmos pinnately veined and pinnately lobed.Meaning the main vein runs through the leaf to its tip and smaller veins branch out, also having deep wavy outline indentations which extend half way or more(prenominal) to the midrib, giving it a hand-like feature. In contrast, the American elm is also a large tree that grows to a height of forty to ninety feet tall and has a unbiased, short oval shaped leaf that is jagged and lopsided at the base. The trunk of both trees is described as being similar in most ways, thick and covered wi th furrowed gray bark. The trunks grow lateral with broad branches opening up into a beautiful crown.In time, these dome-headed trees will spread its branches extremitying a lot of growing space for the canopy. The beauty of the oak tree gives way as it sways in a gentle breeze and flutters its leaves as if motion a happy welcome to anyone who may pass. The elm tree swaying in the same breeze illustrates a simple flat wave. A tree isnt just for a season it is for feeling. The quality of life for these trees depends on the care they might receive. To grow, a tree needs a period of more than dickens months each year without frost some need certain soil conditions, and plenty of water and light.The typical age span of trees is different for each species. An average oak tree may take as many as on hundred years to mature and may live for as tenacious as four hundred 50 years, whereas, some elms live more that on hundred fifty years. Both the oak and elm trees are deciduous, meani ng they shed their leaves. All deciduous trees are broad-leaved. wiz of the most appealing aspects of deciduous trees is their signaling of fall by the changing color of their leaves. The oak has rich people leaf color that change during the fall from the many shades of green to red, orange, yellow, purple, and every imaginable tint.The simple on-step change of the elm leaves turn from a glossy green to yellow in the fall. Both trees scant(p) their leaves completely and go dormant during the winter months. Diseases endanger each species of trees. The gypsy moth favors the oak leaves, the caterpillars dine on the foliage. But scientists have counterattacked with a variety of weaponspesticides, insect-eating birds, and even processed scents called pheromones, which lure insects into traps (Page 117). One of importance is a wasp that preys on the gypsy moth caterpillar.The wasp lay their ball on the skin of the caterpillar and when the eggs hatch, the larvae feed on their host, and kill them in the process. Elm bark beetles spread Dutch elm unsoundness from tree to tree. It is a potentially very dangerous and fatal distemper to which all of our native elms are highly susceptible (Grimm 191). The beetles attack the living tree and form tunnels under the bark and the adult carries the spores of the disease from tree to tree. Affected trees show sever wilting and yellowing of the leaves on one or several branches, especially during periods of dry weather. There is no effective chemical treatment.Pruning and burning out affected branches are most effective. In many cases it is disease that shortens a trees life. Trees are the source of materials we need for many everyday purposes. The strong wood of the oak has a beautiful grain. An cardinal use of oak is for lumber, but also has other uses such as furniture, flooring, paneling, barrels, railroad ties, and ship keels. Some of the oak species reverse tannin, found in the wood and the bark, and is used for prepa ring leather. Some oaks are grown for landscaping in in-person gardens to provide shade and to show off their natural beauty.The oaks acorns are an important source of food for wildlife. The elm also has been used for many sources of everyday uses. The wood of the elm is tough, hard, and does not split easily. It is used for reservation barrels, farm tools, fence post, hockey sticks, furniture, and boats. Elms are used in landscaping too. They are planted along streets and in parks. Trees provide us with oxygen, lumber, and among other things, fuel, to heat our homes. Trees have also provided young children with hours of fun tour climbing and exploring the world above ground.Trees provide a place to build clubhouses, tree houses, or a comfortable branch to read a book. In Oregon, a family vacation might include a few nights stay in one of twenty tree houses created by Michael Garnier at OutnAbout Treesort (Nolan6). If trees could talk, our American history might have to or could be rewritten. Under these trees, agreements and treaties have been made. A historic tree in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, shades union soldiers graves. The mighty limbs of the Treaty Oak in Jacksonville, Florida, are said to have sheltered natives and settlers during peace treaty talks (Brown 6).Various species of trees have played an important public role as the c get in for meetings. The Washington Elm, under which George Washington assumed command of the Continental Army in 1775, remained standing for many years in Cambridge, Massachusetts (Jonas 186). Much of the nations history lives in thousands of trees, and we might be touching history and not even realize it. Again, trees enter into the lives of us all. It could be the piece of furniture we sit on, a tree planted in a yard for shade, or the oxygen we breath, but most of all, the beauty a tree provides in our outdoor(a) surroundings.

Acid Rain investigation Essay Example for Free

harsh Rain investigation Essayo in that respect ar many different kinds of erosion but sulphurous rain or else curl erosion ar the two main types which could have eroded the stain statue which was positioned in the garden conclusion to the industrial site. o Acid rain is made up from of a cocktail of different blisterys e. g. sulphuric sulphurous, nitrous tart, carbonic dose.Sulphuric acid is released into the atmosphere from the burning of fossil fuels like coal and oil, nitric acid is given off from car exhaust fumes, These gases controvert with water vapour and oxygen from the atmosphere and with the alleviate of sun elucidate turn to acids and fall to ground in the forms of precipitation with high acidity levels which be between pH 1. 5 and 5 (acid rain or acid snow). o Sulphur dioxide is harmful to military personnel and can led to bronchitis and other lung diseases. o Sulphur is released into the atmosphere through with(predicate) burning fossil fuels or so of the worlds air pollution is due to the smoke given off from burning things.o The increasing list of acid rain, which falls each year, is due to the increasing amount factories and vehicles on our roads. o Lakes in Scandinavia are caseed very badly by acid rain even though very secondary of it is actually produced there, it is carried mainly by prevailing winds from Germany, France, the UK and other large industrialised European countries. o Acid rain can smash trees by removing vital minerals from the soil, buildings, metal work e. g. cars, bridges, it can also destroy lakes and rivers killing all fish and plants which live their, acid rain can also take effect on are health.o Nitric acid could be the main power in acid rain for it is the most corrosive of all the acids which make up acid rain. Calcium carbonate + sulphuric acid = calcium sulfate + water + carbon dioxide CaCO3+H2SO4= CaSO4+ H2O+CO2 This word is equation is non to blame for the erosion of the marble statu e because calcium sulphate is an insoluble participate which agent that when the calcium sulphate come into contact the statue depart be coated preventing it from any further erosion.With sulphuric acid not the blame for eroding the statue that leaves nitric acid and carbonic acid, carbonic acid is very week and and then it would not be possible for it to erode the statue in such a short time, so that means the acid which has eroded the marble statue is nitric acid Calcium carbonate + nitric acid = calcium nitrate + water + carbon dioxide CaCO3 + NH3 = Ca(NO3) 2+ H2 O+ CO2 What am i going to canvas? I am going to find out how the concentration of nitric acid would effect the marble statue and would quickly it leave behind erode depending on how high the concentration of acid is.With the results I gain from this sample I impart draw up a graph to show how the concentration has taken effect. sentry go Like all examines safety is very important and everything should be done c arefully, safety goggles should be worn at all times in this sample, we are using acids which are very strong, specially nitric acid, and therefore can easily burn so extra care is needed. All rules for experiments should be fallowed, to prevent any unwanted accidents, e. g. chairs below tables, tie tucked in. Fair test To make this experiment fair a number of things must remain the equivalent through-out the investigation1. same volume of acid use through-out, depart be 25cm3. 2. Same type of acid used in the testing, in this experiment it will be nitric acid which I will use. 3. Every investigation must be done in the same temperature, this will be room temperature. 4. Same weight of marble used which will be measured to two decimal places. 5. So my results are correct I will do each experiment twice and find the average from the two tries. Apparatus 1. Electronic scales- will be used to weigh out the marble to an accuracy of two decimal places. 2. Measuring cylinder- this w ill be used to measure out the volume of the acid.3. Stop clock- used to time how long the marble is reacting with the acid. 4. Marble chips- will be used to react with the acid some of the marble will be in powder form to speed up the response. 5. Nitric acid- will be used to react with the marble chips. 6. Beaker- will be where the reaction will take place. 7. Safety goggles- used to protect your eyeball in case of any spillages, should be wore at all times during the experiment. What affects the rate of reaction? There are three main factors which can effect the rate of reaction on the marble statue they areThe concentration of the acid- the higher the concentration the more collisions will take place therefore erosion occurs quicker. The insisting of the acid- the higher the pressure the more collisions due to the particles being closer together. Temperature- the higher the temperature the more energy the particles will have meaning they will more much quicker and cause more reactions. Light- the amount of light available can alter the rate of reaction for the light will give energy to the particles which will increase the number of collisions.The size of the solids uprise- the larger the surface area the longer it will take to be broken down, so a reaction on a solid with a small surface area will take a less time. Variables Controlled- what I will keep the same through out this whole investigation is the mass of the marble which I will be used, it will be measured accurately using electronic scales. The volume of the acid will also be the same and it will be measured out using a measuring cylinder. Independent-this is what will be changed through-out the experiment, I will change the concentration of the acid for each part of the investigation.Dependent- I will measure the space of time it takes for each concentration of acid to erode the marble pieces. This will be done using a stop clock. Prediction I think that if the concentration of the acid i s increased the speed of the reaction will increase, this is because with a small concentration of acid mixed with marble there is less acid particles to react with the marble meaning there are fewer successful collisions, with a much larger concentration of acid mixed with marble more collisions will take place because there are more acid particles which means that the reaction will take less time.Suitable range of readings I will have to collect enough readings from my experiment to draw a graph, this means I will need more than 5 readings, so If I record a reading every number I should have enough information. I will do each experiment two times and take the average results. From this I will draw a graph to show the concentration of acid against time taken.

Cebu Province Division Essay Example for Free

Cebu state of matter instalment Essay fundament DAMATH, a patent-pending mathematical mount- hazard invented by five-time national awardee Jesus L. Huenda, is coined from the popular Filipi n angiotensin-converting enzymecheckerboard bet of genus Dama, (or doll in Spanish) and math. It started in a Sorsogon National High School class in Sorsogon, Philippines and its popularity sp convey quick and resulted in the first national DAMATH competitions held at Legaspi City in 1980.He initiated this competition with the support of the knowledge Foundation of the Philippines. He hopes to introduce DAMATH to secondary math teachers as protrude of a requirement of his cast as PASMEP Fellow at Curtin University / WACAE, Western Australia. Thus if this material, or part of it, is riding habitd commercially or otherwise ( shut for classroom instruction purposes), permission must be secu exit in writing from him. By the way, DAMATH is part of the inventors position paper, Non-forma l mathematics education the Sorsogon National High School experience, delivered at the 1978 initial Southeast Asian Conference on mathematical Education, PICC, Manila 1979 and 1980 MTAP national conventions at Legaspi City and Quezon City, individually. 1981, 1983 and 1988 Philippine Expositions, PHILTRADE, Manila conference, Mandurah, WA Australian Association of Mathematics teachers 13th biennial national conference, Hobart.Rationale It is meet a growing classroom practice in m some(prenominal) school subjects, including mathematics, to use crippleds to promote the judgment of concepts and clevernesss. This practice is supported by child psychologist Piaget and Inhelder (1969) and Kohlberg (1969) who atomic number 18 convinced that affective, cognitive, and social development strongly submit one another and develop along parallel lines. There argon data to support this statement.Thus, the use of socially interactive mathematical games in learning and teaching mathematics is credible.Objectives 1. To integrate the Filipino checkerboard game of genus Dama into the teaching of mathematical concepts and skills. 2. To encourage the utilization of recycled materials in constructing damath board set (for classroom use only). 3. To analyze damath as a possible subject of mathematical investigations. 4. To enhance wholesome interpersonal relations among learners. 5. To promote mathematical consciousness among, family members in particular and the community in general with the mathematics clubs community outreach damath competitions. 6. To promote aw arness of girls in mathematics as king is to the game of chess, so dama (or lady) is to damath ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez2 Cebu Province region = Damath Seminar workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Teachers NotesAny game can be trivial or worthwhile. It all depends on the dictati oners of the game and when and why. Feedback from teachers who amaze tried damath is encouraging because they rescue found it appropriate, fun, and useful in their classes. All 12 games are to be played in pairs. Students learning mathematics in this way progress to been found to associate mathematics with wholesome and purposeful work. These games may introduce, supplement, reinforce or refresh concepts, skills and attitudes.To get the just about out of damath, read the accompanying guide sheet and list of materials acquireed. Determine what extra work can be charge to pairs of students who will carry out the activity. As a fall out-up activity, some mathematical investigations concerning damath may be assigned to small groups of students, or mathematics club may conduct community-outreach damath competitions highlighting awareness of girls in mathematics. In doing so, observe students performance and reactions and record them in a cognitive skill checklist and attitude resp ectively.This, together with your assessment, will provide you with significant data for future reference. The inventor welcome suggestions from teachers in the field by sending it to Jesus L. Huenda, Curriculum Development sectionalisation, Bureau of Secondary Education, Department of Education, refinement and Sports, Palacio delGovernador, Intramuros, Manila. Suggestions and input can be mailed to him using the following form (See next page).TO THE STUDENTSIn DAMATH, at that place are 12 games to play. All of these games are original especially designed for you to make you do and play mathematics, have fun with it in thinking, making a game plan, and using your commonalty sense, honesty and handsome play.Do them and learn mathematics.Do them and enjoy yourself, too.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez3 Cebu Province discrepancy = Damath Seminar store 1998 10-13-2008 ____________________________________________________ __________________________Name of the game ___________________________ School____________________________ Senders Name (Optional)_____________________ Address___________________________ What I like in the game Areas for improvementGuide SheetTitle Damath the Teeny Integer Countess Damath Damath-in-a-Whole Damath everywhere U use up Deci Damath Damath the Old salad days Madonna Damath the Fibo tasty Lady Byte-a-Damath Damath a la advanced Trig-a-Damath Sci-No-Damath Log-a-Damath Concept Integers count numbers racket Whole numbers Fractions decimals Prime numbers Fibonacci sequence Binary numbers Modulo 12 trigonometric Functions Scientific Notation Logarithmic function Place in the Curriculum Review activity for units 3 8 List of Materials Damath board set (See attachment A)Enrichment activity for Units 3 8Enrichment activity for Unit 2 Introductory activity for Unit 5 Enrichment activity for Unit 6ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Go nzaga T2=Perez4 Cebu Province variation = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________DAMATH 12 games for High School Mathematics table of contents Of This mail boat action sheets for students for each of the following titles exercise activeness Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Activity Teacher Manual 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. Damath the Teeny Integer Countess Damath Damath-in-a-Whole Damath Over U Busy Deci Damath Damath the Odd Prime Madonna Damath the Fibo Nutty Lady Byte-a-Damath Damath a la Mod Trig-a-Damath Sci-no-Damath Log-a-DamathRulesHow to S T A R T24 eccentrics should be placed first on the following four determines on the DAMATH board Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez5 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 _____________________________________ _________________________________________How to make a bm1. blackball a coin to decide who moves first. 2. The first faker moves a eyepatch by sliding diagonally forward to an conterminous inactive square (no chip is tobe placed on colored squares). evidence your move in the scoresheet. Example florid shammer moves -1 to an adjoining vacant square ( 5 , 4 ), thus, to the scoresheet the histrion writes on the first column under the heading become with -1 (5,4) to mean -1 goes to a square located 5 on its x-axis and 4 on its y-axis. 3. The two workers alternately take turn in moving a art object.How to take a adult male (Ka-on)1. In the example preceding(prenominal), Red player with role -1 is require (pass is not allowed) to take a piece 2 of Blue side by start over the piece to be interpreted and landing on the latters adjoining vacant square, which, also, determine the symbol of operation to be used.Example -1 takes 2 by jumping over it (player gets the piece 2) and netly lands on a square (7,2) which has minus sign on it. Thus, on the scoresheet, the player writes on the first column with -1 2. Moreover, on the second column under the heading impinge on, the player writes the answer as -3. While on the third column under the heading be Score, the player writes the core score by adding whatever smudges in it, thus, -3. Round stumble numbers, if necessary. 2. A player can take one chip or more than one chip with the required option to take the greater number of chips. 3. A Red chip is declared as dama if it reaches any of the following squares ( 1, 0 ) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0)Similarly, for Blue dapple as follows ( 0, 7 ) (2,7) (4,7) (6,7)4. formerly a piece is declared as dama it could slide diagonally forward or backward in any vacant square provided no opposing piece blocks it. It could take a piece or pieces and have the privilege of doubling its scores. 5. The game is ended it (a.) a player has no more piece to move or, (b.) it is i mpossible for any or both players to go on because of repeated move.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez6 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________In (a) or (b), the remaining piece or pieces are added to the total score. Finally, the player with the greater accumulated total, wins the game.How to scoreShown below is a Damath Scoresheet. Initial entries on it were interpreted from the above examples of players move and in victorious piece or pieces.DAMATH SCORESHEETRed worker Move -1 (5,4) -1 2 Score -3 Total 2 -3 Player Move (9,3) Score Total BluePlayers SignaturePlayers SignatureSignature of Teacher / ParentSignature of Teacher / ParentWinLossWinLossES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez7 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ___________________ ___________________________________________________________Activity1DAMATHtheTeeny IntegerA game for two players.What you need* DAMATH board ( 8 squares by 8 squares ) 24 chips in two colors ( 12 of each color, thus, 0, -1, 2, -3, 4, -5, 6, -7, 8, -9, 10, -11 ) For illustration, depend attachment A of this Package.What it is aboutIt is a game of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of integers, rounding despatch numbers, and fountainhead plotting. identify of the GameThe player with the more or less slurs wins.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez8 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity2Countess DAMATHA game for two players.What you need like materials as in Activity 1, and on the revolutionise side of chip no. 0 write chip no. 12.What it is aboutIt is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying, a nd dividing counting numbers rounding take numbers, and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez9 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Rules uniform rules as in Activity 1,but the 0 chip is replaced by 12 12 is on the reverse side of 0 chip and, negative signs have to be disregarded. Thus, initial positions of the chips are as followsChip make out 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12Position of Blue Chip (1,2) (3,2) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0)Position of Red Chip (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7)In victorious a chip or chips, addition, subtraction multiplication, and division of counting numbers are used. Round off numbers, if necessary, in making entries on the scoresheet.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lau ron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez10 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity3DAMATH in a WholeA game for two players.What you needSame materials as in Activity 1What it is aboutIt is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing Whole numbers rounding off numbers, and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez11 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________RulesSame rules as in Activity 2, but the 12 chip is replaced by 0 0 is on the reverse side of 12 chip and, negative signs have to be disregarded. Thus, initial positions of the chips are as followsChip Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Position of Blue Chip (1,2) (3,2 ) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0)Position of Red Chip (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7)In taking a chip or chips, addition, subtraction multiplication, and division of whole numbers are used. Round off numbers, if necessary, in making entries on the Scoresheet.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez12 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity4DAMATH Over UA game for two players.What you needSame materials as in Activity 1, but the positive and negative numbers should have 10 as denominator (use reverse side of chips).What it is aboutIt is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity1, but adding, Subtracting, multiplying and dividing fract ions are used, thus, all entries on the Scoresheet are fractions. ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez13 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity5Busy DeciDAMATHA game for two players.What you needSame materials as in Activity 4, but decimal equivalent weight should take the place of fractions.What it is aboutIt is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing decimals and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity 4, but instead of fractions, the decimal equivalents are added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided. In taking a chip or chips, results of mathematical operations are rounded off to the nigh hundredths. ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez14 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1 998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity6DAMATH the Odd Prime MadonnaA game for two players.What you needSame materials as in Activity 1What it is aboutIt is a game of prime numbers integers squaring numbers rounding off numbers and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity 1, but in taking a chip or chips the results of algebraic operations are squared if it is an uncommon prime number. ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez15 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity7DAMATH the Fibo Nutty LadyA game for two players.What you needSame materials as in Activity 2What it is aboutIt is a game using the Fibonacci sequence counting numbers Cubing numbers rounding off numbers and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe p layer with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity 2, but in taking a chip or chips the results of mathematical operations are cubed if it is a Fibonacci number.ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez16 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity A game for two players.8Byte a DAMATHWhat you needSame materials as in Activity 3, but purge numbers are to be considered as 0, while odd numbers as 1.What it is aboutIt is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing binary numbers and point plottingAim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity 3, but in taking a piece or pieces binary arithmetic is used. Thus, initial positions of blue and red chips are as follow Chips 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Position of Blue Chip Position of Red Chip (1,2) (6,5) (3,2) (4,5) (5,2) (2,5) ( 7,2) (0,5) (0,1) (7,6) (2,1) (5,6) (4,1) ( 3 , 6) (6,1) (1,6) (1,0) (6,7) (3,0) (4,7) (5,0) (2,7) (7,0) (0,7)ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez17 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity A game for two players.9DAMATH a la ModWhat you needSame materials as in Activity 3What it is aboutIt is a game of addition, subtraction, multiplication and Division in module 12 and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity 3, but in taking a piece or pieces binary arithmetic is used. Thus, initial positions of blue and red chips are as follow Chips 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Position of Blue Chip Position of Red Chip (1,2) (6,5) (3,2) (4,5) (5,2) (2,5) (7,2) (0,5) (0,1) (7,6) (2,1) (5,6) (4,1) ( 3 , 6) (6,1) (1,6) (1,0) (6,7) (3,0) (4,7) (5,0) (2,7) (7,0) (0,7)ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez18 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity A game for two players.10 Trig a DAMATHWhat you needSame materials as in Activity 1, but the following integers should have the Corresponding trigonometric functions by changing them to degrees Chips in degrees -1 and 10 -3 and 8 -5 and 6 -7 and 4 -9 and 2 11 and 0 Trigonometric Functions vice Cos Tan Cot Sec CscWhat it is aboutIt is a game using trigonometric functions trigonometric identities changing degrees to radians and vice versa and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity 1, but in taking a piece or pieces (this time, integers are expressed in degrees) trigonometric functions and identities are used. Thus, initial positions of blue and red chips are as follow Chips in degrees Position of Bl ue Chip Position of Red Chip Csc 0 (5,2) (2,5) Sin 1 (3,2) (4,5) Sec 2 (7,2) (0,5) Cos -3 (1,2) (6,5) Cot 4 (4,1) (3,6) Tan 5 (2,1) (5,6) Tan 6 (6,1) ( 1 , 6) Cot 7 (0,1) (7,6) Cos 8 (5,0) (2,7) Sec 9 (3,0) (4,7) Sin 10 (7,0) (0,7) Csc -11 (1,0) (6,7)ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez19 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity A game for two players.11 Sci no DAMATHWhat you needSame materials as in Activity 2, but the integers are raised to their corresponding Powers as follows. Chips 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Expressed in Scientific Notation 1.1 x 10-1 2.2 x 10 2 3.3 x 10-3 4.4 x 10 4 5.5 x 10-5 6.6 x 10 6 7.7 x 10-7 8.8 x 10 8 9.9 x 10-9 1.01 x 10 10 1.11 x 10-11 1.212 x 10 12What it is a boutIt is a game of adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing numbers in scientific notation and point plotting.Aim of the GameThe player with the most points wins.RulesSame rule as in Activity 2, but addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers in scientific notation are used thus, entries on the Scoresheet should be numbers expressed in scientific notation. ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez20 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________Activity12 Log a DAMATHA game for two players.What you needSame materials as in Activity 11 (common logarithm) or as in Activity 10 ( for logarithms and trigonometric function), as the look maybe, depending players agreement.What it is aboutIt is a game of common logarithms logarithms of trigonometric functions and point plotting.Aim of the GameSame as in Activity 11 or Activity 10, as the baptistry maybe.RulesSame rules as in Activity 11 or Activity 10, as the case maybe, depending on the pla yers agreement, but common logarithms and logarithms of trigonometric functions are used, respectively. Thus, entries on the Scoresheet should have common logarithms or logarithms of trigonometric functions, as the case maybe/ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez21 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________A. GAMES FOR DAMATHS COMPETITIONS trains take 1 train 2 train 3 Level 4 Level 5 Level 6 Level 7 Grades Grades I II Grades common chord IV Grades V VI First Year Second Year Third Year Fourth Year Contents Counting Numbers Whole Numbers Positive Fractions Integers Signed Fractions Radical Damath Polynomial DamathB. POSITIONS OF CHIPS ( Elementary Level )Level 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 CHIP total I Level II Level III 0 1/10 1 2/10 2 3/10 3 4/10 4 5/10 5 6/10 6 7/10 7 8/10 8 9/10 9 10/10 10 11/10 11 12/10 BLUE CHIPS (1,2) (3,2) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0) RED CHIPS (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7)POSITIONS OF CHIPS ( Secondary Level )CHIP 1st Year 0 -1 2 -3 4 -5 6 -7 8 -9 10 -11 second Year 0/10 -1/10 2/10 -3/10 4/10 -5/10 6/10 -7/10 8/10 -9/10 10/10 -11/10 NUMBERS 3rd Year 418 -8 1632 -92 3632 -2518 642 -498 1002 -8132 1448 -12118 4th Year 6x -xy2 10y -3x2y 28y -15x 36x2y -21xy2 66x2y -45y 78xy2 -55x For 4th Year Only, Blue Red ChipsBLUE CHIPS (5,2) (3,2) (7,2) (1,2) (4,1) (2,1) (6,1) (0,1) (5,0) (3,0) (7,0) (1,0)RED CHIPS (2,5) (4,5) (0,5) (6,5) (3,6) (5,6) (1,6) (7,6) (2,7) (4,7) (0,7) (6,7)ES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez22 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________POSITIONS OF CHIPS ( Secondary Level )Level 4 CHIP Level 5 NUMBERS Level VI Level VII -1 1.1 X 10 0 2 2.2 X 10 1 3.3 X 10-3 2 4 4.4 X 10 3 5.5 X 10-5 4 6 6.6 X 10 5 7.7 X 10-7 6 8 8.8 X 10 7 -9 9.9 X 10 8 1.01 X 10 10 9 -11 1.111 X 10 10 1.212 X 10 12 11 BLUE CHIPS (1,2) (3,2) (5,2) (7,2) (0,1) (2,1) (4,1) (6,1) (1,0) (3,0) (5,0) (7,0) RED CHIPS (6,5) (4,5) (2,5) (0,5) (7,6) (5,6) (3,6) (1,6) (6,7) (4,7) (2,7) (0,7)General Guidelines on DAMATHS deoxycytidine monophosphate Match1. First player is determined by drawing lots. 2. Basically the rule in playing dama shall be used as follows a. A chip with numeral moves diagonally forward to an adjoining vacant square. b. A chip takes an opponents chip or chips diagonally forward or backward.Mathematical operation such as addition subtraction, multiplication, or division of numerals shall be used depending on the vacant squares operation symbol where the taker chip lands by jumping over the taken chip, pass is not allowed. c. On taking a chip or chips the following policy shall withstand * mayor dalawa * mayor tatlo * mayor dama * mayor da ma dalawa (x) takes 0 VS (x) takes 0 VS (x) takes 0 VS (dama) takes 0 (y) takes 1, takes 2 (y) takes 1, takes 2, and takes 3 (dama) takes 1 VS (x) takes 1, takes 2 over mayor dama.d. A players chip is declared as dama if it reaches the other players designated dama locations or squares. A dama chip can move or take a piece to any unoccupied square along the diagonal path. Moreover, when a dama takes a chip the score is doubled when the dama is taken the score is also doubled when a dama takes another dama the score is quadrupled. e. In taking more than one chip, the taker chip shall remain as the initial addend, minuend, multiplicand, or dividend as the case maybe.(This heart that MDAS for multiple operations shall not apply in this case). f. A move is good only for one (1) minute, while the games duration shall not exceed 20 minutes. g. The remaining chips shall be added to the respective players. h. The game ends when any one of the following situations occurES IMath Biongcog MT 1 =Lauron MT 1 =Tubin HT 3 =Torbeso MT 1 = Berna MT 2=Gonzaga T2=Perez23 Cebu Province Division = Damath Seminar Workshop 1998 10-13-2008 ______________________________________________________________________________ 1.) a player has no more chip to move 2.) 20-minute game duration had progress 3.) repetitive moves of any or both players.i. The player having the greater total score wins the game. In case of a tie, a 10-minute rematch follows thereafter untill a winner is declared.j. No player is allowed to grapple in a level lower than the one specified for his grade level. k. In playing, the TOUCH-MOVE SYSTEM is used. Once a player touches a chip, it is imperative that he uses that chip for that particular move. l. A move is considered final once a player releases the chip, and he cannot change his move after he has released the chip. m. The use of computer is recommended. n. All players in each level are ranked according to their respective number of games won to determine the winners. In case of a triple tie, the the point-system is used.Guidelines for Electrodamaths1. ElectroDamaths is similar to Damath the whole numbers with authorized variations as follows a.) Odd numbers expressed in KWH b.) Even numbers expressed in Pesos, except ( 0 ) zero. 2. Sample in scoring Chips + like Units + like Units + hostile Units like Units like Units unlike Units like Units like Units unlike Units like Units like Units unlike Units Plus the remaining chipsMove KWH 8 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 18 NS3 kwh + 5kwh P 2 + P 10 7 kwh + P 4 5 kwh 9 kwh P6-P0 7 kwh P 4 3 kwh 5kwh P6P2 7 kwh P 4 3 kwh 5kwh P 2 P 10 7 kwh P 4 7 kwh + 11kwh P4+P8Score fca in Pesos NS 12 NS NS 6 NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS 12 26 kwh P4/kwh =Total Score KWH fca in Pesos 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 8 18 26 26 18 30Total kwh prevailing rate at the venue TOTAL ELECTRIC inspiration

The impact of the First World War Essay Example for Free

The impact of the First World War EssayUsing the four passages and your own knowledge, quantify the view that the impact of the First World War was the main reasonableness for the elaborateing sparing system in the USA in the 1920s (40 Marks)I retrieve that the First World War did non begin as much of a significant impact on the American scrimping as circle occupation, infact i however see that alternatively of benefiting the economy the War in fact had the reverse proceeding to that of which reading A and C suggest that the war was the most important factor of the 1920s American economic nab. Firstly, the elephantinegest reason as to wherefore mass drudgery was the main reason for the economic knock down was that the American GNP soaring from $72.4 billion in 1919 to $104 billion 1929 only 15 years subsequently mass output signal was first implemented in America, the figures show the huge impact that mass payoff had upon the American economy, this is direc t try out of the huge impact mass deed had as inappropriate to the 3 other interpretations which do non stick any direct evidence of the impact they had upon the American economy, this is funding that mass production had the most important impact on the American economy and shows evidence of wherefore mass production was the main reason for the 1920s boom.This leads to a criticism of source A as the interpretation does non refer to The First Wold War costing America over $32 Billion, instead of injecting growth into the economy the war in fact had the reverse effect as less currency was available in America leading to slow growth in the economy. Mass production had a positive effect upon economy, boosting its GNP through stimulation of the American retail market. This supports why the War was not beneficial to the economic boom of the 20s compared to mass production.Interpretation B states that the key to the boom was a tremendous increase in productivity resulting from tec hnological innovation and the application of scientific focus this goes against the point that interpretation D suggests that Andrew Mellon was the key figure of the 1920s boom in America. The reason why scientific management had a bigger impact than Andrew Mellonsreforms is because the implementation of mass production proverb workers pay increased from $710 to $857, whereas Mellons reforms were based upon the banking in America which had lighttle effect upon all classes whereas mass production benefited all classes of society. Also the scientific changes to production and the depicted object scale it happened saw upon America begin to expand and boom far before Andrew Mellons policies were implemented, by and by which there was little impact by Mellons policies as opposed to mass production which propelled the boom this supports the fact that mass production was the key reason for the booming economy in America.Mass production was the main reason for the economic boom is bec ause once it was introduced in 1914 notwithstanding a few years later there became a clear direct change to Americas economy as interpretation B states Although the population grew by only 16% during the decade, industrial production to the highest degree multiply The increase in production saw the American economy begin to produce to a greater extent(prenominal) and more than goods, leading to a sharp increase in jobs, sales and profits. This supports my point that mass production was the most important factor to the American economic boom.Further support for mass production being the catalyst for the economic boom is because once production in mass was introduced in 1914 just a few years later there became a clear direct change to Americas economy as interpretation B supports Although the population grew by only 16% during the decade, industrial production nigh doubled The increase in production saw the American economy begin to produce more and more goods, leading to a s harp increase in jobs, sales and profits. This backs up the point that mass production was the most important factor to the American economic boom.Another point why mass production was the most important reason for the economic boom was the impact on electricity aim. Electricity demand shot up payable to businesses needing electricity to power the machinery to mass produce products, interpretation B supports this as it says Electricity consumption more than doubled during the decade mainly because of industrial demand the increase propelled a whole new realm of business in Americacreating thousands of jobs and furtherstrengthened the American economy showing further evidence that mass production was important to the boom.Mass production also effectuate domestic consumption of electricity. The increase of electricity usage further developed the economy of America. Interpretation B mentions the increase of power usage in 1912 only 16% of the population lived in electricity lit dwe llings, the proportion had grown to 63% by 1927 it also states electrical household appliances came into general use. This can be used to criticize Interpretation C as it quotes If every American could own a elevator car and a house, buy quality clothes, own stock, take vacations and go to the movies then clearly there was no longer any significant dissimilitude in society This quote is inaccurate as some across America did not see the benefits of the boom as interpretation C suggested. Much of the riches was split between the North of America and the south. The north saw boomed while in the South the more agricultural based economy began to suffer, farmers where particularly affected by the boom new technologies and farming equipment left-hand(a) American farmers with a huge surplus of food. In order to sell the food farmers would degrade and drop their prices until it soon became unprofitable and many became bankrupt and fell into poverty, hundreds of thousands of farmers la nd and homes were repossessed leaving them homeless. this is a criticism of interpretation C as it stated everybody had benefited from the war in America however it is untrue, whereas interpretation B states 63% lived in electricity lit dwellings not over exaggerating the impact it had and so making B more of a valid source.More evidence why mass production was the most important reason for the economic boom was the impact on electricity demand. Electricity demand shot up due to businesses needing electricity to power the machinery to mass produce products, interpretation B supports this as it says Electricity consumption more than doubled during the decade mainly because of industrial demand the increase propelled a whole new area of business in America creating thousands of jobs and further strengthened the American economy showing further evidence that mass production was on necessities and notluxuries while the male was away at war. This created a big stunt in the countries in e conomic growth.I also believe that passage C is not as important to boom in America, the passage asserts that America had the upper hand compared to its European rivals as WWII had devastated much of the European countries building factories and stem. However this infact had the reverse effect that the passage expected, newly built factories in European countries had the latest technologies installed with modern planning and architecture compared to the previous buildings destroyed in the war. The rebuilding would have also increased productivity and kick-started economies as each country needed to develop and progress after the war. These countries needed lots of workers and so work was easy to find. People could earn wages and rebuild their lives by purchasing new houses. Consumer and governmental spending in the allied and Axis countries stimulated the countries economies leading to fast economic growth. England and France quickly re-established their economies into even strong er economic powers than before.Furthermore there was a huge amount of inequality in America, Racist inequality was at its highest during the 20s with extremist groups such as the KKK gaining huge following from American people, and over 5 million people were members of the KKK in the 20s. With 100s of blacks being attacked and killed passage C is shown as a further inaccurate and invalid passage as it is contracted by evidence against it showing that America was not equal as Passage C suggest.A big criticism of interpretation D is that the humankind is taken from an autobiography published almost 90 years after they had taken place, therefore the passage will not be as valid as a piece from the same time period. Also being an autobiography the piece will always have a bias towards Andrew Mellon and will possibly over play the type he had and will not mention any bad things about him. The passage is not as important as mass production impacted the whole of America on a national sca le this showing that the innovation of businesses were more important than thereforms he implemented.In conclusion I believe that mass production was the fundamental reason for the boom in the 1920s. Their war was not important and did not have such an impact on American society as it was only a suddenly line temporary effect on the economy, whereas mass production propelled all levels of society and business into economic growth and expansion.Interpretations a D are not as beneficial to the economy as they did not have such a major impact and interpretation D only made a small contribution to the economy unlike mass production which completely overhauled the whole American infrastructure permanently. Source C is also not a fully valid and reliable source, the passage has threefold criticisms due to the war being a very controversial point however the war was a negative as it stifled the American economy and did not bring any long term positives to America. I believe that mass p roduction was a much more significant reason for the boom in America as opposed to the war and Andrew Mellons policies as it had vast evidence of creating ace of the most prosperous boom periods any economy has ever witnessed, this period saw America sour the most affluent and powerful nations on earth from the 1920s.

Human Elements In Administration Essay Example for Free

merciful Elements In Administration EssayPeople be the most important element in an organization whether its a business enterprise, a work, an army or hospital. instruct administrator and executive programs must be disposed(p) to deal effectively with the people involved because they have the most difficulty in understanding and dealing with the man elements of administration. The administrator must understand certain fundamental concepts of motivation. He must have an keenness into the nature of authority and influence. And most of all, he must have the ability to analyze specific problems and to assume out his intentions successfully. Technical skills, administrative skills and human skills are the three kinds of skills a successful administrator must possess. * Technical Skills pertains to methods, techniques and processes. * Administrative Skills ability to see the organization as an entity and the interrelationship of its various parts * Human Skills refers to the ways of dealing effectively with people.3 Distinct elements*Skill in understanding the basic human forces active in the organization.*Skill in analyzing complex human situations.*Skill in implementing a scheme of action.It is s care that man is a wanting animal. As soon as one of his needs is satisfied, some other appears in its place. Mans needs are organized in a series of levels or a hierarchy of importance according to the theory of Maslow.Psychological needs to be alive and to enlistment alive.Safety needs to feel safe from accidents or pain, from competition or threat. of his behaviour. Ego needs colligate to ones self esteem and ones reputation. Self fulfilment needs for proceed self development, for realizing ones own potentialities.Understanding basic needs of an one-on-one is important for the administrators and supervisors because red ink of those needs has behavioural consequences on the part of ones individual. It is also important to understand becaus e of the incident that an individual whose lower level needs are satisfied, he is not any longer motivate to satisfy his psychological and safety needs. Rather, he shifts towards the satisfaction of the other needs in the hierarchy. Unless there are opportunities at work to satisfy these needs, the individual is deprived and his consent behaviour will reflect the deprivation.A New Theory of ManagementProposition on the theory of new attentions assign by McGregor harnessing human energy to organizational requirements are stated as follows1. Management is responsible for organizing the elements of fertile enterprise money, materials, equipment and people in the interest of economic needs 2 A process of order peoples efforts, motivating, controlling their actions and modifying their behaviour to fit the needs of the organization 3. It is the responsibility of the mastery to recognize and develop the individuals potential for development, his capacity for assuming responsibilit y, his readiness to direct behaviour toward organizational goals. 4. The essential lying-in of management is to arrange organizational conditions and methods of operation in order to achieved desired goals and objectives.New theory of management relies on self control and self direction it treats people as a matured adults and it is management by objectives, Advantages1. it does not involve the relinquishing of leadership, the abdication of management or the lowering of standards 2 it is a process of creating opportunities, encouraging growth, releasing potential, removing obstacles and providing guidance Some applications of the new theory1. Decentralization and Delegation release people from too close control of conventional organization. 2. Job Enlargement encourages the acceptance of responsibility at the bottom of the organization. 3. Participation and Consultative Management people are encouraged to direct their own creative energies towards organizational objectives a nd giving them some voice in decisions. 4. Performance Appraisal individuals are involved in in setting targets and objectives for himself and in a self evaluation of performance semi annually or annually.Close supervision tends to be associated with high productivity, general supervision with high productivity. The importance of supervising subordinates as a group are as follows a.) discuss work problems with the group, b.) group performs well even when the supervisor is absent, c.) foster teamwork and group loyalty and d.) involves group participation in making decisions.THE ADMINISTRATOR OF SCHOOL financeThe welfare of the state depends largely upon the statement of its citizens. Filipino people recognized the importance of sending children to instill whenever and wherever possible. Our leaders and framers of Constitution see to it that the Magna Carta contains a provison that the state should establish and maintain a staring(a) and adequate system of education and provide at least free primary for all education of crop age.Since school population turn backs on growing and the salaries of the instructors are keep on increasing, much and more specie are needed. However, present financial capability becomes inadequate and need to augment financial resources to keep up with increasing educational needs. In general, the sources for regimen income for education are the following1. Taxes imposed by law for the guide birth of the governing body such as the real property tax, specific tax, and import and merchandise taxes. 2. Tuition fees imposed on students in everyday high schools, vocational schools, regional normal schools, and hire colleges and universities. 3. Matriculation fees collected from public secondary school students, vocational schools, and chartered colleges and universities. There were also a matriculation fee super supercharged in the intermediate grades but the fee was abolished by R. A. 4092 effective the school year 1964 1965. 4. Rental for lease of school sites and sales of schools products. 5. Land grants and donations. 6. involuntary contributions. 7. Special fees such as miscellaneous fees charged from college students for entrance, registration, library, athletics, and laboratory, medical and dental clinics, school paper, diplomas, graduations and R.O.T.C.Support for Elementary EducationThe Educational scrap of 1940 which nationalized the support of all elementary schools in municipalities and municipal districts saved the situation for the poor communities. The Educational propel of 1940 forbids the collection of tuition fees in the intermediate grades although it permits the matriculation fees in an amount to be determined by the President not exceeding two pesos for each pupil enrolled in the intermediate grades in municipalities and municipal district.The proceeds from this matriculation fee accrue to the fund of the National Government to purchase of library books and equipment and 40% for financing athletic activities in the intermediate grades. While the acquisition of school sites and construction of temporary school buildings remain the responsibility of the local governments. The law abolished the share of municipalities and municipal districts in the internal revenue collections, theatrical role taxes on the rustic products and income tax.Support for habitual Secondary SchoolsThe financial support for the maintenance and operation of public secondary schools provided for by the provincial and city governments. Generally, the majority of provinces do not have adequate funds to support the schools properly. This deficiency in finances gives occasional difficulty in the payment of secondary teachers salary.The sources of provincial income are the following1. Internal revenue allotments from the national government.2. Share from local taxes.3. Fees from work rendered.4. Income from miscellaneous receipts.Support for secondary schools1. Tuition and matriculat ion fee levied by the Provincial Board on all high school students 2. Board uses parts of its general fund in case of deficit or the Board passes a resolution increasing the range of tuition 3. Through the enactment of R. A. zero(prenominal) 3478, the National Government has been granting annual national aid to general provincial and municipal high schools antecedent with the school year 1963 1964, primarily intended for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel 4. Voluntary contributions and donations by private individuals and civic organizationsSupport of barrio experimental high school, the Bureau of Public Schools in its schedule No. 86, issued on August 1, 1966, states as follows1. The tuition fee to be charged should not be less than 80.00 a year. 2. 50% of the 10% real estate tax proceeds allotted to barrios in accordance with the revised Barrio Charter should be set aside and used solely for the improvement of instruction in the barrio high s chools. No amount accruing from this fund should be spent for salaries of teachers and other school personnel. 3. each(prenominal) feeder barrios should share the expenses for the improvement of instruction, the share of each to be proportionate to the number of students from the feeder barrios care barrio high school. 4. alone resolutions of the barrio councils regarding the funding of barrio high schools should be approved by the Municipal Council concerned.Support of Public Schools in Chartered Cities1. Tuition fees and city funds 2. National Government allots lump sums as aid to cities for their educational needs. 3. National aid for salary adjustments of teachers and other secondary school personnel. The law was amended by R.A. No. 4128so as to include all city high schools except Manila and Quezon City.Support of vocational SchoolsVocational schools usually come under two categories the provincial trade school and the provincial country school. The source of income comesfr om the national contribution, tuition and other fees and income from school products. The so called rural high schools which are agricultural in nature are jointly supported by the provinces and municipalities and the National Government.Support of Normal Schoolsregional normal schools are also national like the vocational schools. There are still septette regional normal schools located in strategic places in the country serving the needs of the students in the surrounding places. Sources of income of these schools are national contribution and tuition fees. The city or municipality where they are located may also appropriate funds for the normal training department.Support of Special SchoolsThe Philippine Nautical School located in Pasay is supported entirely by the National Government which offers courses for employment as merchant marine officers. The School for the Deaf and Blind under the Bureau of Public Schools is supported by the government with occasionally aid from the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes.Support of Chartered Government Colleges and UniversitiesThe support of chartered government institutions like University of the Philippines comes from the tuition and matriculation fees of students and comes from national funds appropriately annually by Congress. Special aid for the construction, repair and improvement of the buildings are given in special legislation or taken from the porc barrel fund. The tendency of the request by these institutions is to increase every year. Thus, the burden of the National Treasury for the support of these schools keeps on increasing.Other Agencies in helping the Financing of Public SchoolsA number of foreign agencies give some material aid to the schools aside from the National Government. Among these agencies are the following * AID NEC provided in 1966 appropriations for buildings including the constructions of dormitories and also for typewriters, mimeographing machines and professional books for the Bur eau of Public Schools. * UNICEF gave aid in kind such as educational kits, globes, tape recorders, laboratory equipments and vehicles. * The American Foundation for Overseas Blind donated Braille type writers, paper headsets, etc. * The Pilot Applied Nutrition Project (Bayaribang) is a joint venture of the United Nations Childrens ancestry (UNICEF), The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO).These entities gave help in the form of good services, training stipends, vehicles for supervision and various types of supplies and equipments for kitchen, laboratory and agricultural uses. * The Agency for International Development (AID), National sparing Council (NEC), and the Bureau of Public Schools (BPS) jointly undertook a textbook production project which started on July 1, 1960 and terminated on June 30, 1965 to help solve the problem of lack of textbooks. The project was expected to print and distribute around 25 million of copies of te xtbooks within a 5-year period at an estimated cost about 59.5 million.Support for Private SchoolsAll private schools, colleges and universities derive their income mostly from tuition fees and miscellaneous fees from students. There is no law prescribing the maximum rate of tuition fees so there is no uniformity and limit in the tuition fees being charged by private schools. Quality schools with good standards among the religious institutions charge relatively higher rates than the ordinary schools. Some of the religious schools are partly supported from their properties. Some non-sectarian schools operating specially for profit charged comparatively lower tuition fees and even permit their students to pay on easy instalments to attract as many students as possible.