The Affirmative Action Debate Essay example -- affirmative action argu

The Affirmative Action Debate    Most Americans desire a colorblind society. A society where individuals are judged upon merit, as opposed to the color of their skin. That is the reason Affirmative Action was birthed by Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964. That is also the reason that Proposition 209 was voted for in 1996.   These two historical events are driven by the desire of equality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What is Affirmative Action?   According to Geraldine Leshin, it is "Taking positive or active steps to accomplish the public policy goal of equal employment opportunity."  Ã‚   What is Proposition 209?   Its a new law that has been passed that "prohibits the state of California and local governments from discriminating against or granting preferential treatment to any individual or group on the basis of race,   sex, color, ethnicity or national origin in public employment, public education or public contracting (San Jose Mercury News)."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action was implemented for important reasons.   "Broadly defined, affirmative action refers to efforts to increase educational and employment opportunities for minorities and women.   More specifically, it applies to various programs and policies designed to increase the number of minorities and women hired by government and industry and admitted into colleges and universities."(Faundez, 213)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Affirmative action is important especially in the work force. Before affirmative action, minorities and women felt, and seemed to be, discriminated against being chosen for the job.   Affirmative action was to help with the "increasing of opportunities for those that were previously discriminated against"(Lemann, 145).   Affirmative action   was created to not only help Black-Amer... ....    Leshin, Geraldine (1979).   Equal Employment Opportunity an Affirmative Action in Labor-Management Relations A PRIMER.   Institute of Industrial Relations:   Los Angeles, Tab H.    Mendoza, Ryan (1996).   Affirmative Action remains the American compromise. The Yale Daily News, Internet.   Available: http://www.townhall.com/columnists.duplantier/dul112195.html (1996, October 4).    Mills, Nicolaus, ed.   Debating Affirmative Action:   Race, Gender, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Inclusion.   New York:   Delta trade Paper-backs, 1994.    Proposition 209 and Affirmative Action (1996).  Ã‚   San Jose Mercury News. Available: http://www.sjercruy.com/news/breaknws.htm    Rockwell, Paul (1996).   Angry White Guys For Affirmative Action. Available:   http://www.dnai.com/~awgfaa/html/angry.html (1996, October 4).

Isolation of Single Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Capable

Isolation of Single Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Capable of Long-Term Multilineage Engraftment A variety of distinct progenitors arising from self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) allow for the production of mature blood cell lineages. Human HSCs are poorly understood due to their rarity and difficulty to segregate them from multipotent progenitors (MPPS) to obtain a pure population for analysis. This study investigates the determining factors of HSCs.It appears that the majority of HSCs are CD34+, as hown by transplantation and xenograft repopulation assays, however most of these cells are lineage-restricted progenitors and HSCs are therefore rare. Enrichment of HSCs seems reliant on CD45RA, Thyl and CD38 expression. Further study into the role of each of these factors in HSC differentiation is required. In this study a range of assays were carried out in an attempt to identify and separate HSCs from MPPs. Recently it was shown that a depletion in Thyl expression in the CD 34+CD38-CD45RA- compartment of lineage-depleted cord blood was ufficient to separate HSCs from MPPs.However, further studies gave rise to concern surrounding this theory. They then used an optimized HSC xenograft assay and flow- sorted cord blood HSCs and MPPs into functionally characterized fractions. Data obtained from this assay suggested that cells with extensive self-renewal potential exist in both Thyl+ and Thyl- subsets. However, more extensive research was required to investigate the disparity in secondary transfer efficiency between subsets. To distinguish the cause of such disparity the Thyl subsets were sorted intoThyl+ and Thy- cells and cultured with stroma cells known to express HSC supportive ligands. The results demonstrated that the Thyl- compartment is heterogeneous and contains a small fraction with repopulating activity and a larger fraction with MMP- like activity and therefore may account for the differences in efficiency between subsets. To further distinguish HSCs in both Thy+ and Thy- subsets they analysed cell surface markers and found only CD49f to be differentially expressed between subsets.Next they investigated whether HSCs could be identified using CD49f expression. Data recovered indicated that human HSCs are indeed marked by CD49f. Further tests were carried out on Thyl-CD49f+ and Thyl-CD49f- subsets. Results revealed Thyl-CD49f- cells are short term HSCs as they fail to engraft long-term, indicating that these are MPPs. Investigation into the role of mitochondrial dye rhodamine-123 (Rho) in HSC enrichment. Results indicated twofold enrichment for HSCs compared to Thyl+ alone as opposed to Thyl +Rholo.The next aspect nvestigated was whether the addition of Rho to Thyl +CD49f+ would permit robust engraftment of single human HSCs. This investigation was carried out using single cell transplantation with two separate experiments focusing on engraftment and Thyl +RholoCD49f+ cells provides evidence that human HSCs express CD49f. Th ese findings illustrated by Notta et al. will aid in identifying gene regulatory networks that govern human HSC function and therefore allow manipulation of human HSCs ex vivo with the aim of overcoming the barriers associated with transplantation.

Health Promotion Body Image - 2158 Words

Review of Literature Body Image What is body image? Body image is how we perceive ourselves positively or negatively, how we feel about our bodies, the amount of physical space we take up, and how others view us. According to Brown University s Health Promotion, â€Å"body image is a widespread preoccupation† (Health Promotion: Body Image, 2008). In the same article a study was conducted with college students, 74.4% of normal weight women expressed that they think about their appearance is frequently at 46% of normal weight men expressed that they often think about their body weight too (Health Promotion: Body Image, 2008). In today’s culture the demand to focus on our appearance is at an all-time high, and with the high demand comes the potential to create a negative body image. In Health Promotion in Nursing Practice Pender (2011) expresses that children are very observant and retain a lot of information and behaviors they see, which can lead to them adopting lifestyle behaviors perceived body image that can carry over into adolescence and adulthood (Pender, 2011). Pender suggests that depending on what children are exposed they can develop and adopt healthy or unhealthy lifestyle behaviors based on the amount of exposure. They can also develop negative thoughts around their body image, which can lead to them having issues with their eating habits, self-esteem and lifestyle choices (Pender, 2011). There are several factors that can affect an individual s body image.Show MoreRelatedHealth And The Changing View Of Healthy Health1015 Words   |  5 PagesHealth has become an important factor in today’s society. More so in wealthy or more developed countries. Many more people can be seen performing in physical activities and engaging in exercise than in past years. Engaging in physical activities for better health has become more popular in today’s society for many reasons. Health promotion focuses on the individual keeping and maintaining, continuing to advertise and provide ways to keep healthy. Biomedicalization focuses more on curing the problemRead MoreHow Body Images Affect Women s Healthy Practices By Consuming Tobacco On Their Daily Basis886 Words   |  4 Pages The purpose of this paper is to link how body images affect women’s healthy practices by consuming tobacco on their daily basis. As a young person I consider myself part of this population, I’ve been involved on this idea of smoking when I’m feeling hungry but I don’t want to eat to â€Å"lose weight† but, I came to realize that I don’t really know if It’s true or not. I ve come to notice that it is only a condition that I have developed over the years from my teens I m not sure where it originatedRead MoreThe Negative Impact Of Social Media And Body Image1452 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumers and their health, as well as their body image. The ideal body image that is seen by today’s society is tall, thin, muscular, and fit. It is constantly advertised in various forms of media including, such as televisions, magazines, internet, and smartphone devices, which make others feel insecure about appearance and health. The constant rein forcement of the ideal body image throughout the media negatively impacts society through self-esteem, rise of self-enhancements, and health. There are manyRead MoreTelevision Advertising Effects1153 Words   |  5 Pagesfact, a young person views 40,000 television advertisements per year (Committee on Communications). Concerning a child’s developing cognition and social pressures, television advertisements negatively impact American youth in the areas of behavior, health, and ethics. A young child’s cognitive abilities are not as developed compared to adults. Research shows that a child, before the age of eight, does not have discernment about television advertisements. The child lacks two essential cognitive abilitiesRead MoreDoes the Media Influence Young Womens Body Image in Ireland884 Words   |  4 Pagesinfluence young women’s body image in Ireland? The department of Health estimates that 200,000 people are affected by eating disorders every year in Ireland of which 80 people die as a result (www.dofc.ie). In a study on Irish girls 27.2% were found to exhibit clinical levels of bulimia, with 71.4% of Irish adolescents feel adversely affected by media portrayal of body weight and shape (www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com). Self-image was the number one factor that affects the mental health of Irish teens (wwwRead MoreThe Effect Of Body Image On Adolescent Girls1427 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to a study on body image 42% of first to third grade girls want to be thinner (Collins,1991). This presents a dilemma to parents and educators, as adolescent girls are becoming increasingly concerned with their body image, and have been led to unhealthy practices in their desire to be thinner. Research into this showed that as much as 57% of adolescent girls engage in harmful practices such as fasting, self induced vomiting, or diet pills (Boutelle et al, 2002).This occurs as a result ofRead MoreHealth Promotion Strategies Used By Nurses As Guidance For Assessment And Alleviation Of Risk Factor For Diseases Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesHealth promotion are strategies used by nurses as guidance for assessment and alleviation of risk factor for diseases (Potter et al.,2009). Maternal health nurses provides sp ecific screening, teaching, counselling and risk preventing tools to achieve optimal health of mother and child during the postpartum period. Postpartum is a period of both physiological and psychological changes. The mothers adaptation such as, changes in parental role ,family ,body image, physiological changes after child birthRead MoreTo Eat or Not to Eat: a Comparison of Anorexia and Obesity Essays1249 Words   |  5 Pagesindividual lives in a higher class in society. In America however, these two body types have been elevated into two of the leading causes of death amongst our population; not as a sign of societal class, but as diseases. Anorexia - which stems from â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† - is an illness in which a person has an intense fear of gaining weight, and is often corresponded with a distorted perception of their own weight and body shape. According to many psychologists anorexia is believed to have the highestRead MoreMedia s Portrayal Of Women1190 Words   |  5 PagesIn a society obsessed with appearance and numb to sexism, it comes as no surprise that women are expressing hate for their bodies more than ever before. Mass media’s portrayal of women is one of unattainable perfection— most models are stick thin with flawless complexions and pearl-white smiles. Consumers are bombarded with images of women being displayed as sex objects, valued for their physical appearance above all else. The evasiveness of media has led women to believe they must resemble the modelsRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women And Its Consequences On The Society1306 Words   |  6 PagesThe media advertise ments promote gender stereotypical images and create a negative impact on the society. The advertisements in any form, such as television ads, magazine photos, textual contents or movies, perpetuate the gender inequality and expect different genders to perform in a certain way only. In her article† Hunger as Ideology,† Susan Bordo analyzed several media advertisements and represented how brand promotions have used gender based identity to increase the demand and desire of their

Romeo and Juliet guide questions Essay - 909 Words

Romeo and Juliet Study Guide Questions Act I 1. In the Prologue, what does the chorus say will happen to the two lovers? 2. What does Escalus say he will do to anyone who fights in the future? 3. How does Benvolio say the fighting began? 4. According to Benvolio and Mercutio, how has Romeo been acting recently? 5. What remedy does Benvolio suggest for Romeos problem? 6. In scene 2, what does Capulet tell Paris he will have to do in order to marry Juliet? 7. Why does the servant ask Romeo to read the list of guests who are invited to the party at the Capulets? 8. What makes Romeo decide to go to the party? 9. In scene 3 we learn that Juliet is how old? 10. What is the nurses opinion of Paris? 11. How do Romeo and friends plan†¦show more content†¦3. How does Romeo contribute to Mercutio’s death? 4. What is the outcome of the fight between Romeo and Tybalt? 5. What punishment does Escalus give Romeo? 6. Why does Juliet defend Romeo’s actions? 7. At the end of scene ii, what does Juliet ask the nurse to do? 8. What is Romeo’s reaction when Friar Laurence tells him that Escalus has banished him? 9. What is Friar Laurence’s plan for Romeo? 10. In scene iv, what does Capulet tell Paris? 11. At the beginning of scene v, why do Romeo and Juliet discuss whether it is morning or not? 12. What is Capulet’s reaction when he learns that Juliet refuses to marry Paris? Romeo and Juliet Study Guide Questions 13. What does the nurse tell Juliet she should do? 14. At the end of scene v, why is Juliet so angry with the nurse? 15. How are Juliet’s beliefs about love and marriage different from her parents’? 16. When talking to her parents in this act, explain how some of Juliet’s lines are filled with double meanings? 17. Describe the change in Juliet’s behavior toward her parents. Act IV 1. How does Paris think Juliet feels about him? 2. What does Juliet ask of Friar Laurence? 3. What does Juliet say she will do if she cannot find a way to avoid marrying Paris? 4. How does Juliet respond to Paris’ complements in this act? 5. What does Friar Laurence say will happen when Juliet drinks the potion? 6. How will Romeo learn of Friar Laurence’s plan? 7. What does Friar Laurence say Romeo and JulietShow MoreRelatedTragic Hero in Othelo by William Shakespeare996 Words   |  4 PagesOthello Shakespeare has been a part of the American Society for many years. Compared to other Authors, he has a different style of writing but within his own writings, they are all very much alike. He has written many plays including Othello and Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare was a man who wrote plays that followed the same literary conventions. These conventions included tragic hero, fallacy, irony, and also suspense. A tragic hero is a male figure who is high in society and one who always has a tragicRead MoreWho Caused the Death of Romeo and Juliet833 Words   |  4 PagesLikewise, in the play, â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† by William Shakespeare, Friar Laurence is a father-like figure to young Romeo. Although an adult, Friar neglects his responsibility to guide Romeo on the right path. He gives Romeo bad advice throughout the whole play. This leads to the downfall of Romeo and Juliet. Friar Laurence is responsible for the death of Romeo and Juliet because he married them without their parents consent, he gave Juliet a dangerous potion to drink, and he left Juliet alone with her deadRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet841 Words   |  4 PagesOnce in our lifetimes we all go through a tragedy, but who is responsible? In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, several characters are responsible for the deaths in the play. The characters; the Capulets, Friar Laurence, and Tybalt are the ones most responsible. The Capulets are one of the responsible ones for the death of Romeo and Juliet because they weren’t supportive, they were uncaring, and impatient. When Juliet told her parents that she did not want to marry Paris, the Capulets wantedRead MoreRomeo and Juliet: A True Tragedy Essay1536 Words   |  7 PagesRomeo and Juliet: A True Tragedy An Aristotelian tragedy consists of several different aspects. In William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, the main characters contain a tragic flaw, or hamartia, that contributes to their fall from esteem or regal status. Additionally, the audience experiences pity and fear evoked by Shakespeare for the duration of the play. Furthermore, the two star-crossed lovers undergo a catastrophe at the end of the tragedy, where the characters meet a tragic and horrendousRead MoreA Comparison: Friar Lawrence vs the Nurse Essay835 Words   |  4 PagesA Comparison: Friar Lawrence VS The Nurse Thesis: Both Friar Lawrence and The Nurse are loyal to Romeo and Juliet (respectively), they have defended, protected and have helped upkeep their well being, but do not always make decisions in their best interests, which in fact lead to both of their demises. In Romeo and Juliet, a story where two lovers are destined to be together, but their heritage prevents them, Friar Lawrence and The Nurse are similar to fathers and mothers, wise guardians,Read MoreThe True Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet819 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"What do you want to be when you grow up?† is the question we hear so many times as children. Yet, growing up does not necessarily mean becoming an adult. Rather, growing up is the change within one’s self that is illustrated by a heightened awareness, the ability to think reasonably, and the proficiency to conduct themselves in an appropriate manner. In adolescence, we turn to the adults in our lives to aid us in understanding our choices as we become increasingly responsible for our own actionsRead MoreEssay on Romeo and Juliet1117 Words   |  5 PagesANSWER KEY: SHORT ANSWER STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS - Romeo and Juliet Act I 1. Why do Sampson and Gregory fight with Montagues men? Sampson and Gregory are servants of the Capulet family, which has been feuding with the Montague family for quite some time. The feud has reached proportions involving all members and servants of both households. 2. Benvolio and Tybalt come upon the servants fighting. Contrast their reactions to the fight. Benvolio tries to break up the fight, but TybaltRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1342 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s, Romeo and Juliet, two star crossed lovers are faced with many problematic conflicts in which they experience as life-threatening and restricting of their relationship. Their identity, as in age, social class and gender, prevents the two protagonists from achieving purity in their relationship. The story heavily relies on these aspects of Romeo and Juliet’s life – contributing to the overall well-being of their love and chemistry, throughout the romance and tragedies that are presentedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1586 Words   |  7 Pagesprominent plays, The Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is often thought of as the classic and tragic love story, the tale of â€Å"star-crossed lovers.† Yet pigeon-holing such a play to a mere love story undermines the complexity which distin guishes Shakespeare’s work. The characters developed throughout the play are much more than simple participants in a tale of calamitous love. Often, because of her young age, Juliet is characterized as merely a youthful and naive girl, the objectRead MoreWriting Devices in Romeo and Juliet Essay1059 Words   |  5 Pageswriters whose works have influenced society more than those of the English playwright William Shakespeare. His use of language in all of his plays, especially Romeo and Juliet, is one that impacts its audience both emotionally and intellectually. For anyone wishing to pursue a career specifically in the Language Arts, the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare should be continued to be studied and analyzed for its unique and clever uses of English dialect. One creative use of language in the

The True Nature Of School Shootings - 1066 Words

Mass Shootings are among the most controversial topics talk about in modern day society, and this is due to the apparent rise in shootings over the past couple of years. The nation has witnessed some of the most gruesome shootings in History such as Virginia Tech, and Sandy Hook Elementary school shooting. From the aftermath of these shootings, a solution was found to prevent such things from happening which is allow concealed-carry weapons on college campuses. It is said if there are more guns on campuses, the chances of a gun man taking out more innocent lives are less likely due to the amount of people with guns. Despite this sound solution of concealed carry on college campuses, the reality is that it causes more problems than it solves, and there are better solutions to this problem at hand. But, what exactly is the true nature of school shootings, is it actually a true threat to our education system? Ostrander 2 The mainstream media leads many to believe that mass shootings on college campuses are very common, and are in despite need of gun reform. This is actually false information, the truth is that campuses and other schools are among the safest places in America. According to recent studies, the actual homicide rates on campuses are one in one million, considerably less than the nationwide average of fifty-seven million. In addition, other crimes are still proven to be less likely to happen at colleges, rather than in common rural areas. And in mostShow MoreRelatedSynthesis Essay Do Violent Video Games Cause Aggressive Behavior?1697 Words   |  7 PagesMade Me Do It School shootings years ago in Paducah, Kentucky; Jonesboro, Arkansas; and Littleton Colorado, have raised the question time and time again. Do violent video games have an influence on children and their aggressive behavior? In all three of these brutal shootings, all the shooters were students who habitually played violent video games. The Columbine High School students who murdered thirteen and wounded twenty-three in Littleton before committing suicide after the shooting, enjoyed playingRead MoreSociety’s Most Recent Scapegoat: Video Gaming1637 Words   |  7 Pagesfact seems to be frequently overlooked by critics. Video games have become a scapegoat for violent behavior while factors such as one’s home life, environment, and human nature as a whole are ignored. For example, after the Virginia Tech shootings in 2007, the Washington Post stated that the killer, Seung-Hui Cho, played a shooting game called Counter-Strike (Kushner). Despite the fact that no evidence sai d that he was an avid gamer, the blame for the murders was placed upon the video game he was playingRead MoreAed 201 Week 6781 Words   |  4 PagesAxia College Material Appendix C Rights and Responsibilities of Educators and Students Perform a search in the University Library databases and locate four school-related court cases (with outcomes decided), two which involve educators as defendants and two which involve students as defendants. Fill in the table below. When you give your informed opinion, state and discuss whether you agree or disagree with the outcome. Base your opinion on legal and ethical standards as discussed in Ch. 9Read MoreShould We Blame Video Games For Violence1295 Words   |  6 Pagesrole-playing game like Fallout 3 to playing an american football game in the Madden series. The options do not just end right there! Since video games are advancing so if there content! Specifically, in their action and shooter genre. In a modern action/ shooting games, one can see the blood and even characters get their head blown off. Some video game titles have mass murder scenes and even sexual themes. â€Å"As the level of violence in video games has increased, so has concern for the effects on those w hoRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control844 Words   |  4 Pageshand of the wrong people and the black market the number of crime and gun related deaths will go down. When guns ended up in the wrong hands incidents like the Sandy Hook elementary school shooting (S. H. Shooting), the Colorado movie theater shooting (C. T. Shooting), and the Virginia Tech shooting happens (Shootings). If we are able to make the current gun control laws stricter we could prevent future travesties like them from occurring. According to gunviolencearchive.org last year in 2014 a totalRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control1705 Words   |  7 Pagesin the news, stories of mass shootings, homicides, and suicides; most of which are caused by the activation of a gun. A hot-button issue, gun control is one of the most debated topics in American politics. Should we, or should we not, be able to own guns? Although it infringes on the Second Amendment that provides the right to bear arms, this amendment has been misinterpreted and does not apply to the nature and needs of society in today’s world. While it may seem true that more guns would offer moreRead MoreGun Control Is The Second Leading Cause Death For Teenagers1362 Words   |  6 PagesThere once was a man named Jimmy. Jimmy was a good guy at heart but, like the majority of people, did not know how to properly handle a gun. He had recently bought a gun and went shooting with his friends even though he did not know how to use a gun. For a little while they were having a blast, then while jimmy was messing around, he pretended to shoot at his friends but accidently pulled the trigger and his friends died. While in shock, Jimmy dropped the gun which fired upon hitting the ground andRead MoreCause And Effect Of Gun Control1384 Words   |  6 Pagesteens, and adults all have ways to obtain a firearm even if they are underage or do not pass a mandatory back-ground check, which causes disrupt for the citizens who follow the law and end up with more limits on them. In an article about two school shootings, it was written that, â€Å"From his grandfathers house, 12-year-old Andrew Golden got the guns he used to shoot up his Jonesboro, Ark., classmates. In Colorado, Dylan Klebold had his girlfriend buy guns for him because she was just old enough toRead MoreA Pessimistic Adolescent Is Not What Most Consider A Reliable Narrator1295 Words   |  6 Pagesconsider a reliable narrator, but author J.D. Salinger challenges this commonly held thought with his coming-of-age novel The Catcher in the Rye. The reader is introduced to Holden Caulfield, a secondary school junior that is outcasted and aimless upon expulsion from yet another preparatory school in a post-World War II world. Salinger weaves a myriad of comparisons of genuinity and disingenuousness into his work, each explored through a facet of Caulfield’s personality and experiences. The cynicalRead MoreThe Civil Rights And Liberties Essay1343 Words   |  6 Pages21st century America today is very similar to America from the 1960’s. While it is true that Black Americans have gained civil rights and liberties, it is the current state of American society itself—as well as white fright—that dismisses these rights. The most infamous example of this is, of course, police shootings. Since the Trayvon Martin case, the United States seems to have exploded with more police shootings in which white police officers shoot unarmed black men. According to Mapping Police

CRU Computer Rental free essay sample

CRU Computer Rentals is a national computer rental company that has seen rapid growth since its inception in 1990. The company purchases computers, printers, monitors, and other peripherals and rents them out both for the long term and short term. CRU’s sales have begun to increase from the previous quarter, but profitability continued to decline. Although revenue was increasing, the decline in profit warranted further investigation into the root problem causing this occurrence. CRU management needed to take corrective measures to reverse this trend and generate some alternatives that would lead to an increase in profitability. Most of CRU’s customers fit into one of three profiles, which differed mainly on the term of the lease. Large corporations replaced their computers every year to stay on the cutting edge of technology, thus leasing computers for a term of one year. Consulting firms and small businesses leased computers for two to four months at a time. We will write a custom essay sample on CRU Computer Rental or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lastly, trade show participants rented very short term, typically for the duration of the show. Although CRU’s customers’ needs for the length of a rental differed, they all expected short lead times, usually one to two days, and quick, accurate delivery and installation of products. CRU’s inventory consisted of older model equipment and newer model equipment that they purchased, usually at the request of a client. Since technology in this industry changes rapidly, the demand and prices for older model equipment decline quickly. This leads CRU to sell their old equipment in the open market for their used machines and purchase newer models from the money generated. CRU fortunately has been able to recover book value on these older products in the past. CRU has two main warehouses, â€Å"Mega Centers†, located in Illinois and California and 23 local retail centers across the United States. All equipment at these locations are available to rent, with 90 percent of their inventory held at one of the main warehouses. When customers returned equipment, all of it was sent to a Mega Center to be repaired and/or reconfigured. The flow of orders and equipment through the CRU system was as follows (see appendix for flow chart). A customer initially makes a call to a CRU rental number to make an order. The call is routed to a sales specialist or to one of the Mega Centers. The sales specialist takes the order after verifies the customer’s credit information. Then he/she changes the status for the ordered equipment from Available for Rent (status 20) to Reserve Status (Status 32). After the order was entered into the system, it was routed to quality assurance and picking where the order would print out automatically. This printed order contained the details of the order and any special instructions. An employee would then review the order, locate the items ordered, and deliver the units to a holding area in configuration. Technicians then picked up the orders from this holding area to repair and/or reconfigure them. Once the technician was done, he/she would roll the order on a cart to the shipping department. An employee in the shipping department then reviewed the order, packaged it, and shipped it out. CRU covered the cost of shipping to customers, which averaged $25 per unit. Once the rental term was complete, the customer would ship the item back to one of the Mega Centers with prepaid postage paid for by CRU, which again had an average cost of $25 per unit. All items received back from customers at a Mega Center in the receiving department were classified as either defective (Status 40) or not defective (Status 24). Status 24 units were put into storage to be worked on by the pre-configuration department and status 40 units were put into storage to be worked on by the repairs group. Normally 30% of the items received would go to the repair group and 70% would go to the pre-configuration department. A technician in the pre-configuration department would pick the item from storage to be worked on and inspect it again to confirm that it did not need to be repaired; however, 15% of these units did indeed turn out to be defective and required repair. The technician would re-label these items as status 40 and put them back into storage. If the item only needed reconfiguration, the technician would work on the item and then put it back into storage as status 20, available for rent. The cost of converting an item from status 24 to status 20 was $4. Technicians in the repair group would check an item from storage and determine what needed to be replaced. They would fill out an order sheet for parts needed to repair the item and send it to the parts department. The item would then be classified as status 41 and sent to storage. Once the parts department received the items they ordered from suppliers, they would tape the parts to the machine in need of repair, reclassify the item as status 42, and put it into storage. A technician would then take the item from storage again, repair it, and label the item status 20, available for rent. The average parts cost of repairing a unit was $150, which didn’t include any labor costs. CRU’s key performance measure was â€Å"utilization†. Utilization was measured by CRU as follows: Utilization = Inventory on Rent Total Inventory owned by CRU Management always aimed to keep utilization above 50% and CRU achieved an utilization rate of 56% last year(see Appendix for Calculation). Although revenues and utilization had increased from the previous year and were considered to be at reasonable levels by management, CRU’s profit continued to decline. It was managements goal to find solutions to this phenomenon and to increase profits. CRU questioned whether utilization was a good measure of future financial performance or if there were other measures that may be more appropriate to predict future profitability. In order to perform value stream mapping, which enable CRU to focus on process improvement, that is time spent by each unit in the buffer is calculated . Flow rate of the unit in each buffer is calculated using Little’s law. Little’s law can be stated as I=RT Average Flow rate is calculated as shown in Table 2 (Refer Appendix) The average weekly profit of CRU last year is calculated. From the calculations it is seen that CRU got a weekly revenue of $240,000 and had incurred an expense of $113,130. So they had a net profit of $126,870. Depriciation cost of units per week is calculated as $92340 . So operating expense can be calculated as $34520. From the results it is observed that contribution margin is greater than operating expense. (Refer Appendix for Calculation) We have determined that CRU is a company capable of increasing profits, but is in need of reconstructing their pricing scheme. With total revenues increasing over the last quarter, but profits falling, we have determined that their costs have increased more than their revenues. Although their key performance measure of utilization is important, the best measure for the company to measure their success should be focusing on keeping variable costs down. First, we analyze CRU’s profit/loss when implementing their sales drive . It is given that 600 units out of 1400 were rented for 8 weeks and the remaining 800 units for 4 weeks. So the Revenue was calculated as $256,000. Variable Cost is found to be $158,382. Depreciation is found to be $108,705. Hence it is found that with a sales drive CRU will suffer a loss of $11,087(Refer Appendix for Table 3 and calculation) Now we analyze CRU’s profit or loss without implementing sales drive. Here the Revenue is calculated as $144,000. The variable cost is found to be $67,878. The weekly Depreciation is calculated as $55,346. Here they will achieve a gain of $20,872(Refer Appendix for Table 4 and calculation). Hence it is not advisable to implement sales drive. Two concrete plans that help CRU is to Capture market for a longer period and to cut the shipping cost. We can take a look at the same without sales drive, but instead of CRU paying for shipping expenses, they pass this cost along to the customer. By doing this CRU will get a profit of $58,913 which is 2. 5 times of their profit without conducting sales drive. (Refer Appendix for calculation). As shown above, instead of posting a loss of ($11,708) in the first case, they have a profit of $58,913 in the second case when they are able to eliminate their shipping expense. We recommend management to eliminate their shipping expenses to increase their profit. By decreasing their variable costs, their contribution margin will increase. This will allow CRU to be able to cover their depreciation and operating expenses more efficiently and increase their bottom line. We found that the best way for CRU to decrease their variable costs is to cut out shipping expenses. Instead of paying for this expense, they should pass it on to the customer. As per the options suggested by vice president of sales two calculations were performed. First was by keeping inventory units same. It is found that to meet the requirements, the company will have to buy 520 extra units and 240 extra units for option A and option B respectively and sell 100 units for option C(Appendix Table 5). When profit of three options were calculated, Option A had the highest profit . So Option A can be considered as the best choice (Refer Appendix for Table 6 and calculation). Second Option was to keep flow rate the same. To meet the requirements, the company will have to buy 3738 extra units and 1732 extra units for option A and option B respectively and sell 725 units for option (Appendix Table 7). When profit was calculated Option C had the highest profit. So it can be selected as the best choice(Refer Appendix for Table 8 and Calculation). Appendix Flow Chart illustrating CRU’S Operations Table 1 CRU Flow Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 1000 1000 1000*. 7=700 1000*. 3+700*. 15=405 405 405 405 405 1000 Inventory 8000 500 1500 1000 500 405 905 500 1000 Flow Time 8000/1000=8 0. 5 2. 14 2. 46 1. 23 1 2. 23 1. 23 2 Utilization Achieved by CRU Last Year Utilization = (1000* 8) 14405= 8000 14405= 56 % Average Time Spent By a Unit in Each Buffer Last Year Table 2 Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order stored Order at supplies Status 41 Status 42 Status20 Flow Time 8 0. 5 2. 14 2. 46 1. 23 1 2. 23 1. 23 2 Average Weekly Profit Revenue = 8,000* 30 = $240,000 Expense(Variable cost Rate) = 50*1,000(Shipping) +595*4 (pre-configuration) +405*150 (Repair)= $113,130 Profit (Contribution Margin) = 240,000 – 113,130= $126,870 Depreciation = (14,405 *1,000) 36 months (156 weeks)= $92,340 / week Operating Expense = 126,870 – 92,340=$34,530 / week Launching Sales Drive Case 1: Demand increases to 1400 units per week and flow time is same (with sales drive) Table 3 Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 1400 1400 980 567 567 567 567 567 1400 Inventory 8000 1400*.. 5=700 2097 1400 697 567 264 697 2800 Flow Time 8000/1400=5. 71 0. 5 2. 14 2. 46 1. 23 1 2. 23 1. 23 2 Given 600 units out of 1400 were rented for 8 weeks and rest 800 units for 4 weeks. So Revenue = 600*8*30 + 800* 4* 35 = $256,000 Variable Cost = 2*25*1400 + 4*980*. 85 + 150*567= $158,382 Depreciation = 16958*1000/156= $108,705 Profit = 256000-158382-108705= $-11,087 (LOSS) Case 2: Demand is 600 units per week and flow time is same (without sales drive) Table 4 Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 600 600 420 243 243 243 243 243 600 Inventory 600*8=4800 300 898 597 298 243 541 298 1200 Flow Time 8 0. 5 2. 14 2. 46 1. 23 1 2. 23 1. 23 2 Revenue = 600*8*30= $144,000 Variable Cost = 2*25*600 + 4*420*. 85+ 150*243 = $67,878 Depreciation= 8634*1000/156= $55,346 Profit = 144000-67878-55346= $20782 (GAIN) Above results shows that the sales drive was not very effective. Average Weekly Profit By cutting Shipping Cost Revenue = 600*8*30 + 800* 4* 35 $256,000 Variable Cost = 0 (shipping costs) + 4*980*. 85 + 150*567 = $88,382 Depreciation = 16958*1000/156= $108,705 Profit = 256000-88382-108705= $58,913 (GAIN) Duration of Rental vs. Various Market Segments In order to solve this problem we will first find computers rented per week. Computers rented per week: Option A: . 6*1500+. 3*1000+. 1*600= 900+300+60= 1260 Option B: . 4*1500+. 4*1000+. 2*600= 600+400+120= 1120 Option C: . 2*1500+. 5*1000+. 25*600= 300+500+150= 950 CASE 1 Inventory size is same Table5 OptionA Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 1260 1260 882 510 510 510 510 510 1260 Inventory 8000 500 1500 1000 500 405 905 500 2520 Flow Time 8000/1260=6. 35 0. 4 1. 7 1. 96 0. 98 0. 79 1. 77 0. 98 2 OptionB Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 1120 11200 784 454 454 454 454 454 1120 Inventory 8000 500 1500 1000 500 405 905 500 2520 Flow Time 8000/1120=6. 35 0. 45 1. 91 2. 2 1. 1 0. 89 2 1. 1 2 Option C Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 950 950 665 385 385 385 385 385 950 Inventory 8000 500 1500 1000 500 405 905 500 2520 Flow Time 8000/950=8. 42 .53 2. 26 2. 6 1. 3 1. 05 2. 35 1. 3 2 Total number of inventory units: Option A: 8000+500+1500+1000+905+500+2520=14925 Option B: 8000+500+1500+1000+905+500+2240=14645 Option C: 8000+500+1500+1000+905+500+1900=14305 To meet the requirements, the company will have to buy 520 extra units and 240 extra units for option A and option B respectively and sell 100 units for option C. Table Comparing Revenue, Variable cost, Depreciation, and Profit Table 6 Case 1 Revenue Variable cost Depreciation Profit Option A (900*40+300*30+60*25)*52wk =2418000 141998. 8 95673. 07692 2180328 Option B (600*40+400*30+120*25)*52 =2028000 126765. 6 93878. 20513 1807356 Option C (300*40+500*30+150*25)*52 =1599000 107511 91698. 71795 1399790 Therefore, Option A is the best for keeping inventory constant. CASE 2 Flow time is same Table 7 OptionA Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 1260 1260 882 510 510 510 510 510 1260 Inventory 1260*8= 10080 630 1887 1260 627 510 1137 627 2520 Flow Time 8 .53 2. 14 2. 47 1. 23 1 2. 23 1. 23 2 Option B Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 1120 1120 784 454 454 454 454 454 1120 Inventory 1120*8=8960 560 1677 1120 557 453 1011 557 2240 Flow Time 8 0. 5 2. 14 2. 47 1. 23 1 2. 23 1. 23 2 Option C Buffer Customer Receiving Status24 Status40 Order Stored Order at Supplies Status41 Status 42 Status 20 Throughput 950 950 665 385 385 385 385 385 950 Inventory 950*8=7600 475 1423 950 473 385 857 473 1900 Flow Time 8 0. 5 2. 14 2. 47 1. 23 1 2. 23 1. 23 2 Total number of units: Option A: 10080+630+1887+1260+1137+627+2520= 18141 Option B: 8960+560+1677+1120+1011+557+2240= 16125 Option C: 7600+475+1423+950+857+473+1900= 13678 To meet the requirements, the company will have to buy 3738 extra units and 1732 extra units for option A and option B respectively and sell 725 units for option C. Table Comparing Revenue, Variable cost, Depreciation, and Profit Table 8 Case 1 Revenue Variable cost Depreciation. Profit Option A (900*40+300*30+60*25)*52 =2418000 141998. 8 116288. 4615 2159713 Option B (600*40+400*30+120*25)*52 =2028000 126765. 6 103365. 3846 1797869 Option C (300*40+500*30+150*25)*52 =1599000 107511 87679. 48718 1403810 Therefore, Option C is the best for keeping flow time constant.

Lockout/Tagout Essays - Occupational Safety And Health,

Lockout/Tagout It is a hot day in the middle of July, and there is a brother and sister impatiently waiting while their mother finishes packing for their trip to Disneyworld. This is their father's last day to work before his vacation starts. Their father is an air conditioning technician, and this morning he was called out to a movie theater to work on an air conditioning unit. This particular unit is located on the roof of the theater. It had been raining the day before; on the roof around the unit water is standing where he is going to have to work. In checking the unit out, he finds electrical problems that require him to shut the power off to the unit. He looks for the disconnect at the unit. Not finding one, he discovers that the only way to shut the power off is a breaker located downstairs inside the projection booth. He turns the breaker off and goes back on the roof to repair the unit. He does not know that someone has also connected one of the projectors to the same breaker. While he is working on the unit, the projectionist comes in and finds out that one of the projectors will not work, so he checks the breaker and finds it in the off position. He does not know that the air conditioning unit is also on that breaker. The projectionist turns the breaker on and at the same time, the technician working on the unit is standing in the water with his hands on the wiring. The electricity flows and electrocutes the technician, killing him. If this unit had been properly Lockedout/Taggedout, the brother and sister would be enjoying Disneyworld with their father. Instead, they are attending his funeral. Lockout/Tagout is essential in the workplace because it prevents unneeded shutdowns, saves money, and prevents loss of limb and life. Lockout/Tagout is essential in the workplace because it prevents unneeded shutdowns. These shutdowns are primarily the result of improper Lockout/Tagout procedures. In Lockout/Tagout: A Matter of Control, Susannah Zak Figura explains that in 1996 OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) reported that Lockout/Tagout was the third most frequently cited standard and that the average number of days lost from work was twenty-four per incident (27-9). In some cases, a portion of the building or factory could be destroyed by fire and cause the business to shutdown longer than was originally anticipated. According to Tommy Gilbreath, Associate Professor at The University of Texas at Tyler, There is nothing more unproductive than an injured worker (Personal interview). Often these companies wait until an accident occurs to implement the proper Lockout/Tagout procedures. Companies that have proper Lockout/Tagout programs in place have fewer accidents, lost work time, and fewer shut downs than companies that do not. Safety is no accident explains Frank C. De Felice, author of Electrical Construction and Maintenance (48). According to Occupational Hazards, AK Steel, a company with a bad safety record, hired a former OSHA compliance officer as vice president of safety and health to help the company comply with OSHA's rules. Since 1993, AK Steel, the nation's seventh largest steelmaker, has had a flash fire that killed one and injured two and an explosion that injured fourteen (Federal OSHA targets AK Steel for Fines and Further Inspections 25). OSHA issued more than 6,000 citations in 1996 alone for the violation of the Lockout/Tagout standard. Lockout/Tagout is a common sense approach to safety. Yet, many companies do not implement it until an accident injures or kills someone. Then it is a little late. Some companies have had Lockout/Tagout procedures in place long before the OSHA standard went into effect in 1990; because the policies were not written down, so metimes crucial steps were left undone (Figura 27-9). Performing Lockout/Tagout properly prevents losses arising from failure to control hazardous energy. Figura notes that in 1994 a 3,700-pound table broke loose from temporary slings and crushed a worker killing him. Because of this accident, OSHA cited the company for failure to control hazardous energy, i.e. gravity, and fined it $2.1 million. Under the Lockout/Tagout rule, hazardous energy must be isolated and rendered inoperative before work can begin. Not having the proper procedures in